Okay, I finally got some free time and got around to responding.
Lawdog said:
GOkay, we'll look at this again:Given that EFFECT can precede CAUSE: Ok, I doubt it, but lets assume it does. It is still CAUSE and EFFECT. And Aquinas' argument still maintains. Uncaused Cause is outside of Time as shown below. If anything, quantum mechanics will probably end up supporting theology.
You're letting semantics dictate. Let me see if I can explain this more clearly.
Aquinas' argument is that every event has a cause; therefore there must be a succession of causes, each preceding the other. Logically, this means that the chain of causation would go back indefinitely. Aquinas took the point of earlier philosophers in perceiving a problem with this. Each even takes a certain amount of time. So if the chain of causation extends into the past infinitely an infinite amount of time must pass to get to the present. Since an infinite amount of time cannot pass we cannot get to the present. The solution Aquinas used was first cause; that there must be an interruption in the chain of causality, an uncaused cause.
However, we have found that causality is not a chain on the quantum level. An event occurring now may have its cause in the future or it may be uncaused. This effectively breaks the chain of causality, there need not be an infinite regression of causes, and therefore we do not have to worry about an infinite amount of time passing to get to the present. Existence may begin at random, without cause, or be self causal. The chain is broken and the necessity of a prime cause (even if we accept the argument) is no longer necessary to escape infinite regression.
Aquinas does not assume Time is Infinite. He also is aware that Time, Space, and Matter are merely categories and are interlinked and inseperable.
The objection to infinite regression does assume time is infinite, otherwise there is no infinite regression. Also, it is unlikely that that Aquinas understood that matter space and time are the same as this idea was first proposed by Einstein about 700 years later.
Whatever is outside of SPACE_TIME/MATTER_EXTENSION must not be in space, and therefore can only be one, since two things cannot be at once the same.
Not a bad argument but any conception of what exists "outside" our universe is hypothetical at best. Without MST there is no "being" at all as far as our understanding goes so it becomes pure fantasy to speculate on the properties and rules of being-ness. There are also any number of alternatives to what you propose. Perhaps there are an infinite number of universes with an infinite number of gods each creating more universes.
Here it is assumed that the Prime Mover is being moved by another, or moves himself, a thing which has already been found erroneous by Aquinas in the first proof.
Isn't the very definition of a prime mover that which can cause (act) without being caused? Action requires change, change requires time. Without time there can be no action.
What is more, given that the Prime Mover exists, it is not so much that he is incapable of thought and change as much as he is thought thinking itself, as Aristotle pointed out, and being fully actualized does not need change, for change is the movement from the potential to the actual.
Change is required for thought as well.
Objects in the physical world do have contingent existance, this means that they are unnecessary, and that in relation to the Prime Mover/Uncaused Cause, only that being is truly Necessary Being.
Again, no. Objects are merely forms of energy. Energy never disappears or goes away, it merely changes form. This is basic physics.
You have an object, let's say an apple. You eat the apple but that which makes up the apple doesn't go away. It only changes in form. It is chewed and digested. The bulk of it is expelled as waste. Your body uses some of the chemicals; some of those chemicals are changed to release energy. But every bit of the apple is still in existence. It's simply in different forms. Forms we don't recognize as being an apple. But nothing at all is missing; every bit of the apple still exists.
Permanency does not imply Necessary Being. Being yes changes form, but change and form are both unnecessary realities, but they are both permanently part of the physical reality.
Where have you or Aquinas argued that change and form are unnecessary? This is an unsupported assertion. I would argue that without change or form you have nothing.
The Prime Mover could put into motion an object/being that would never cease to move and would be co-eternal with the Prime Mover.
Another unsupported assertion. The only quality a prime cause must have is the ability to cause without being caused. All else is assumed.
You have misunderstood the reasoning. The reasoning does not say God has necessary existance therefore God must exist, but it says "God has necessary existance (God must exist), the two statements are not sequential reasoning, but merely re-stating for clarification. reread the passage in question. its merely commentary.
I didn't misunderstand anything. God is defined by Aquinas as necessary. This doesn't prove God is necessary (even if we accept the need for a necessary being). I can define a unicorn as a necessary being; this doesn't prove that unicorns are necessary.
I dont know what you mean by "implicit attribute", but to say goodness is a value judgement is relativism. Such relativism is nihilistic in scope and makes all dialogue impossible.
By implicit attribute I mean something that is inherent to the thing you are evaluating, a set quality you can simply measure. Value is relative, regardless of your arguments from consequence. Gold, water, even kindness are not simply "good" of their own accord. They can be "bad" depending on the circumstance.
Again, this is value Relatavism, it would be like saying, "not everyone means precisely the same thing when they use a word, therefore it is useless to talk, for you will never truly fully comprehend the other person"
Your conclusion is unwarranted. We are able to communicate despite the fact that our comprehension of a word's meaning is never exactly the same as anyone else's. The human mind is capable of dealing with vagaries and inexact information.
Thats absurd. A variety of orders exist in reality, for example in the animal kingdom things are valued by the animals in different ways for different reasons, but most if not all of the order is based on survival.
There is not hierarchical "variety of orders". Categorization is a conceptual tool, not reality.
So far all of your criticisms are on the commentary I inserted to introduce the concept, the first paragraph in each section, and Aquinas is in the second paragraph.
I merely quote a sentence or two, often the first ones, to identify the argument I am addressing. My argument, however, is regarding the entire concept.
If yoiu read the second paragraph you will see what he says, things act toward an end. Therefore the argument is based on observation of the physical world. He is saying that things which have no self awareness are still moved toward some purposeful end, such as vegitative life growing as food for the animals.
More unfounded assumptions. This first presumes that the future is set. There is no evidence for this at all. Purpose is likewise presumed. That something is used for a purpose does not mean that was the intent of its existence. I can suffocate a kitten with a teddy bear. That does not mean the teddy bear existed so that I could suffocate kittens. Likewise, that plants are eaten does not prove that they exist to be eaten. This reasoning is backwards.
So you admit that there is order in the Universe? But order cannot be maintained but by some higher Law or Power. You call this the Law of energy and fundamental forces. But what keeps these from losing their power to the entropy of the universe that science prescribes?
Entropy is a natural consequence of the natural laws and forces. They do not have to be supported to keep from losing their power, even if entropy overtakes the entire universe those same laws and forces will still apply. Even if they didn't just inventing a magical being that can empower them isn't a reasonable answer.
Who or What brought these powers into being? did they arise from Nothingness? If so how?
No one is sure yet. But "God" does not answer the question.
~Raithere