Celpha Fiael
no
theism lays claim to the direct perception of god (I am not talking about theists who accept the existence of god theoretically or on faith)
You haven't escaped my earlier point; what you define as "god" will differ greatly from others, even your fellow theist.
Einstein admitted that this method cannot even prove the existence of the external world. So how can we be sure that the bodily objects scientists study are real things? Aren't such objects just mental interpretations of a jumble of sense data that, with a nonhuman mind, or even with a human mind culturally different than ours, could be interpreted in a very different way? Wouldn't a different interpretation of sense data reveal a very different world? Which interpretation is the right one? And how, by this method Einstein described, can we ever know whether there is a reality outside the range of our sense experiences? These questions are not for science to answer. They are for philosophy. There is a difference between the scientific approach and the philosophical approach."
-substance and shadow, S.swami
Yes, I believe Descartes asked similar questions. I'm well aware of philosophy and it's extreme ideas that can be presented as possible, and so I submit that while philosophy can pose the question (which is always prerequisite to science), it
cannot answer it. Allow me to explain:
You're right in the possibility that, as Einstein said, we may never know whether there is a reality outside the range of what our sense organs can intake. But, I ask, did that philosophical notion prevent Einstein from devoting his entire life to science? No, in fact he revolutionized science in mind boggling ways that great minds today are still digesting. The problem with this (very interesting) philosophical assumption is that it can only go so far before it becomes tiresome and useless. (It remins me much of the scenario portrayed in the sci-fi thriller,
The Matrix.)
According to that philosophical stance,
why do anything? It isn't hard to imagine a scenario (which I would be quick to point out, doesn't make it true) like the matrix, wherein we are deluded into thinking what we perceive is real. Take an object of your affection for example. You feel strongly towards this person, you wonder about this person, you wish to know this person more...but wait...oh that's right, he/she may just be nothingness and only a figment of my imperfect sensory system. Once again, this is a perfectly consistent assumption. But would it be such an overwhelmingly strong assumption that you would stop interacting with this person altogether? "Sorry, I can't see you anymore because I have no evidence that you aren't just a subjective interpretation of a jumble of sense data." Of course you wouldn't! I'd imagine a reasonable response from you, one perhaps along the lines of this:
"While I cannot be sure of her true existence, it matters not, for everything in me and around me attests to her existence. Even if she doesn't and is a product of another, more true reality (say the matrix), I am also within this paradigm, of which both of us are inescapably dependent upon (this is where the Matrix correlation breaks down, as we all know, Neo escapes). So, it is the more rational choice to behave like she is there."
You do get evidence of her existence, that's no question. What you are second guessing is the validity of that evidence due to an imaginary over-reality. This, as stated in the quote, can be applied not just to our rhetorical loved one, but ANYTHING and EVERYTHING. But, as in the case of the rhetorical loved one,
this is far from sufficient reasoning to cease pursuit of what is being questioned.
Science is no exception. To sit around and attribute your inactivity to "it's all fake anyway" is a horrible excuse and a waste of life. Let's give this philosophical thought so much as to assume that it is true; we would never know anything about this over-reality if we sat on our asses all day. Science, if anything, would be getting closer and closer to finding out about this potential alternate reality,
way more than philosophy would.
So now, I'll turn to "how do we know which mental interpretation is right?". Once again, the answer is science. An identical experiment upon the foundations of this reality done on one side of the earth for one observer as well as on the other side of the earth for another observer,
yields the same results. Is it not obvious that this is the very anchor in which your philosophical conundrum seeks? These scientific discoveries have stupendous application to our reality, whether in predicting something as ordinary as today's weather or predicting something as rare as exactly when Hallie's comet will pass by our planet again.
It is upon these objectively stable laws that we find a common ground in which to plant our perceptions, they obviously have a real and astoundingly accurate application to everything we perceive. It doesn't matter if we can prove philosophically the unquestionable existence of what we see around us,
regardless we still see and interact with them as if they were completely real.
This is impossible without science, as what is left would only be philosophic and, as you've rightly put your finger on, is subjective to each individual. What a chaotic world we'd live in without the prolific and proficient enterprise of science!