And what about the molten metal after the clean up? *note fire does not melt metal
Really? then how do you melt metal, steel? take a forge, fuel it with charcoal, add a bellows, which forces air into the fire, and you can melt steel, something that happens even faster is that the steel become's malleable, which means it can be streached, formed, pulled apart, twisted, shaped, it become like soft clay, and it has no structural strength,
Flash point: 38 °C
Autoignition temperature: 210 °C
Freezing point: -47 °C (-40 °C for JET A
Open air burning temperatures: 260-315 °C (500-599 °F)
Maximum burning temperature: 980 °C (1796 °F)
Density at 15 °C (60 °F): 0.775-0.840 kg/L
www.structural.net - Articles and technical papers
Unfortunately, unprotected structural steel members lose about ½ their strength at 1000oF (538oC) and rapidly loses more strength as the temperature rises. ...
http://www.structural.net/News/Media_coverage/media_fireproofing.html
Jet a is capabale of burning with forced air draft at 1796 deg.F, steel loses half of its structural strength at 1000 deg.F, so again tell me that with the forced air drafts of the winds blowing through the holes, blown through the WTC towers by the 757, that the steel had to melt to fail? A old fashioned bellows, pushing air through a hard wood fire can create enough heat at a temperature high enough to allow a black smith to reduce the structural strength of steel to the point that he can redally streach, bend, form, and shape steel, so with Jet-A, JP-4, with a burning temperature of 1796 deg.F can and does reduce the structural strength of steel to the point thta it can be streached to the breaking point, and loose it load bearing ability long before it comes close to melting.
http://www.nyenvirolaw.org/WTC/130 ...laim of DB, Volume II/PDC_vII_Sec1_052903.PDF
Nearly every window was broken on of the north face below the 23rd floor. This window breakage can be
attributed to the following:
Localized damage in the areas impacted by column trees falling from WTC-2.
Smaller debris blown from WTC-1 and WTC-2. In particular, small chunks of lightweight
concrete, which appeared to be from WTC-2 floor slabs, were thrown through the north windows
of the Building. These debris items ranged in size from small fragments that caused bullet-size
holes in the windows to large chunks with a maximum dimension of approximately 12 inches.
A “horizontal ground jet” formed during the collapse of each WTC tower. This phenomenon
occurs through the re-direction of the towers’ collapsing from a vertical orientation to a
horizontal motion. The ground jet reached speeds of 170 to 200 mph on the lower floors of the
Building and 140 to 180 mph on the upper floors (wind speeds equivalent to an F3 tornado). The
velocity pressure formed by the ground jet was between 50-100 psf. Pressures of this magnitude
are capable of overturning large trucks.
1.2.4 Building Fire on September 11, 2001
Fuel oil from the ruptured 20,000-gallon tank at basement Level A ignited and burned on September 11,
2001 causing fire damage to the walls in the northwest corner of basement Levels A and B, which is
illustrated by visibly black and pink concrete in that area. Within the Building, the fire caused significant
structural damage north of column line 6 (refer to figures below). The main floor support beams between
column lines 7 and 8 were bowed more than 6” at the midpoint. The fire also destroyed electrical
conduit, HVAC systems, and plumbing systems as well as standard tenant fitout items.
From the video evidence, the Building is located at the edge of the WTC-2 collapse envelope. This is
where the vertical flow of dust and debris transitions into the horizontal ground jet. At this location,
horizontal wind flows struck the Building at speeds between 170 and 200 mph on the lower floors and
140-180 mph on the upper floors within the façade damage region.
The 170 to 200 mph horizontal ground jet that formed during the WTC-2 collapse hit the Building with
the force of an F3 tornado. A tornado of this magnitude has the power to cause severe damage,
including, tearing roofs and walls off of well-constructed houses, overturning trains, uprooting most trees
in a forest, and lifting heavy cars off of the ground and throwing them (National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, NOAA). Windows were shattered on three sides of the Building. The
pressure shock wave from this collapse and the later WTC-1 collapse forced huge quantities of WTC
Hazardous Substances through the Building’s breached shell and into virtually every exposed and
concealed space in the Building and into its installed equipment.
Seems to be plenty of air movement to fan any fire, and creat a blast furnace effect, and create enough heat to destroy any structural or load bearing strength of steel, and even enough forced air (Blast Furnace) tempratures to melt steel.
http://wtc.nist.gov/pubs/factsheets/faqs_8_2006.htm
3. How could the WTC towers have collapsed without a controlled demolition since no steel-frame, high-rise buildings have ever before or since been brought down due to fires? Temperatures due to fire don't get hot enough for buildings to collapse.
The collapse of the WTC towers was not caused either by a conventional building fire or even solely by the concurrent multi-floor fires that day. Instead, NIST concluded that the WTC towers collapsed because: (1) the impact of the planes severed and damaged support columns, dislodged fireproofing insulation coating the steel floor trusses and steel columns, and widely dispersed jet fuel over multiple floors; and (2) the subsequent unusually large, jet-fuel ignited multi-floor fires weakened the now susceptible structural steel. No building in the United States has ever been subjected to the massive structural damage and concurrent multi-floor fires that the towers experienced on Sept. 11, 2001.
7a. How could the steel have melted if the fires in the WTC towers weren’t hot enough to do so?
OR
7b. Since the melting point of steel is about 2,700 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature of jet fuel fires does not exceed 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) certified the steel in the WTC towers to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit for six hours, how could fires have impacted the steel enough to bring down the WTC towers?
In no instance did NIST report that steel in the WTC towers melted due to the fires. The melting point of steel is about 1,500 degrees Celsius (2,800 degrees Fahrenheit). Normal building fires and hydrocarbon (e.g., jet fuel) fires generate temperatures up to about 1,100 degrees Celsius (2,000 degrees Fahrenheit). NIST reported maximum upper layer air temperatures of about 1,000 degrees Celsius (1,800 degrees Fahrenheit) in the WTC towers (for example, see NCSTAR 1, Figure 6-36).
However, when bare steel reaches temperatures of 1,000 degrees Celsius, it softens and its strength reduces to roughly 10 percent of its room temperature value. Steel that is unprotected (e.g., if the fireproofing is dislodged) can reach the air temperature within the time period that the fires burned within the towers. Thus, yielding and buckling of the steel members (floor trusses, beams, and both core and exterior columns) with missing fireproofing were expected under the fire intensity and duration determined by NIST for the WTC towers.
UL did not certify any steel as suggested. In fact, in U.S. practice, steel is not certified at all; rather structural assemblies are tested for their fire resistance rating in accordance with a standard procedure such as ASTM E 119 (see NCSTAR 1-6B). That the steel was “certified ... to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit for six hours” is simply not true.