Hmm ..... if we assume that the universe is a closed system ... maybe....the universe itself is a pseudo perpetuum mobile
but it must be if pseudo perptumm devices created beyond that closed system are impossible .... it is after all the closed nature of that universe that brings about the laws of energy conservation which prohibits PPMs, in the first place. therefore the absence of functioning PPM devices IS evidence of a closed system...Hmm ..... if we assume that the universe is a closed system ... maybe.
The equations of SRT are of utmost relevance when discussing the predictions of SRT. The definitive statement of what SRT predicts is the Lorentz transformation. If something is not predicted by the Lorentz transformation, it is not predicted by SRT.
The second. The traveller's time returns to the normal rate. That is the only prediction SRT makes because it is the only prediction the Lorentz transformation makes.
Simple. The way time dilation is usually described, the time dilation factor in a reference frame is given by $$\gamma(v) \,=\, 1 / \sqrt{1 \,-\, v^{2}/c^{2}}$$ [sup]*[/sup]. If $$v = 0$$ then $$\gamma(0) \,=\, 1$$.
You are asking why the time dilation factor is not $$\gamma(v)^{2}$$. The answer is that there is no way to derive this result in SRT. Time dilation factors do not multiply in SRT. As I explained, if observer B is time dilated by a factor $$\gamma$$ compared with observer A, and observer C is time dilated by a factor $$\gamma'$$ compared with observer B, then in general C is not time dilated by the factor $$\gamma \gamma'$$ compared with A. That logic only works if simultaneity is absolute, which it is not in SRT.
You are acting as if the full relation between time coordinates in SRT was given by $$t' \,=\, t/\gamma$$. In SRT it is not. The full relation is $$t' \,=\, \gamma(t \,-\, \frac{v}{c^{2}} x)$$. The $$- vx/c^{2}$$ term describes relativity of simultaneity and has the effect that time dilation factors do not multiply in SRT. You find this when you multiply successive Lorentz transformations together, as I suggested you do in [POST=2976278]post #499[/POST]. As I said, the Lorentz transformation is the definitive statement on what SRT predicts, and if you get a result that contradicts the Lorentz transformation, then it is not predicted by SRT.
[sup]*[/sup]The way time dilation is usually described can be a bit confusing, because the relation between time coordinates is the opposite of the time dilation factor: $$t' \,=\, t / \gamma$$. Time dilation means that the time of the moving observer increases more slowly than time in the reference frame at "rest".
Anyway, I see the conversation has progressed many pages, so I'll read up. I'm sure Masterov has provided some interesting replies.
You behave like a religious fanatic: you ignore the arguments of common sense, and repeat prayers about Lorentz transformations and the relativity of simultaneity.Personally I don't find it very interesting to try to discuss with someone who accuses me of religious-like fanaticism
Yeah, I do not understand SRT, and I ask you (who understands SRT) logically solve the logic-collision that arise in the conclusions of this theory.
Emil let me ask you this if I may...Masterov,do not get mad!
Do you realize how many people would lose their jobs if SR is not true? You really think they will ever admit that SR is not true?
And attention, mathematical demonstration for SR is correct. Assumption required for SR is false.
It is not my field so I don't interfere.Emil let me ask you this if I may...
Do you think science has been stationary since the discoveries made by QM regarding "quantum entanglement"?
" Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former."How do you think Albert Einstein felt when he uttered those famous words "spooky action at a distance"?
and that was in the 1930's.
Complete and utter bullshit. This is a myth perpetuated by hacks who are looking for an excuse as to why their relativity denial is not accepted by the mainstream community.Masterov,do not get mad!
Do you realize how many people would lose their jobs if SR is not true? You really think they will ever admit that SR is not true?
And attention, mathematical demonstration for SR is correct. Assumption required for SR is false.
More paranoid conspiracy theories from someone with no understanding of science. Besides, quantum entanglement isn't a contradictory concept to special relativity, which you'd know if you bothered to find anything out about science before opening your mouth.Do you think science has been stationary since the discoveries made by QM regarding "quantum entanglement"?
Of course they already know that SRT is in need of amendment.....they are not stupid I can bet you with out doubt.
You're in the 'tinfoil hat' brigade now it seems. No doubt if I asked you for evidence you'd fail to provide any beyond more paranoid conspiracy claims.but they are not telling the world for very good reasons also no doubt... and money has a lot to do with it
more nonsense!Complete and utter bullshit. This is a myth perpetuated by hacks who are looking for an excuse as to why their relativity denial is not accepted by the mainstream community.
Did the whole of the physics community get fired the day Eddington announced Einstein's prediction about light deflection had been confirmed and Newtonian gravity falsified? No. Was the entire community fired the day Planck published his paper on quantisation of light? No. When it was realised neutrinos are not massless was the entire particle physics community fired? No. When Hubble showed the universe wasn't static and is expanding did Einstein and other cosmologists get fired? No.
Science is about building new understanding on the corpses of previous ideas. When someone knocks over a paradigm there are more opportunities, more funding, more directions to explore. It starts a physics 'gold rush'! Many particle physicists want the LHC to disprove the Standard Model, it would mean there's a whole new area of Nature we don't understand. The guy who ran CERN for much of the last decade, John Ellis, tells people his job is finding things people either didn't want to find or didn't know to even look for. In the case of relativity the person who does the experiment to disprove relativity (assuming it isn't fundamental and exact) will get a Nobel Prize, more awards than you can shake a stick at and a job for life. They'll be 'The physicist who bested Einstein"! If I had undeniable experimental evidence special relativity is false I'd publish it without a second thought. Sure, it would mean undermining all of my PhD, which took 4 years of my life, but I care about what is true, not what is comforting.
If you think showing someone's work is false means they lose their job then you have absolutely no clue how science works. A good scientists welcomes being corrected if they are wrong on something. Some of the most illuminating experiences I've had as a researcher have been times someone has nailed an idea I've had to the wall. Sure, at the time it's not terribly pleasant but it always results in my understanding jumping forward a lot. The inability to accept correction is far more prevalent in the hack community. So many of you try to come up with something you feel is 'common sense' or based on your own intuition. To accept you're wrong would mean undermining your belief you have a good intuitive grasp of reality. Much of reality is counter to human intuition, which is partly why hacks almost invariably fail to accomplish anything in science. For example, Farsight believes his intuitive grasp of things is worth 3 or 4 Nobel Prizes and makes him more competent at electromagnetism than actual Nobel Prize winners like Dirac, who invented quantum field theory. Farsight has no formal development of his work, it's just a variety of opinions taped together so there's a lot more of 'him' in his work than is the case in actual scientific research. Opinions only matter if you can justify them with reason and evidence. Hacks work purely by opinion so being wrong says much more about them, about you, than is the case for a proper scientist.
More paranoid conspiracy theories from someone with no understanding of science. Besides, quantum entanglement isn't a contradictory concept to special relativity, which you'd know if you bothered to find anything out about science before opening your mouth.
You're in the 'tinfoil hat' brigade now it seems. No doubt if I asked you for evidence you'd fail to provide any beyond more paranoid conspiracy claims.
well knowing human nature is all you need to know... you stand corrected....A good scientists welcomes being corrected if they are wrong on something
AlphaNumeric, you do not even understand why in a medium where the speed of light invariant assumption is not true, there's no SR.
I gave up to argue logically with you. It is useless.
Your SR is a simple pseudoscience.
You have a theory and nearly a hundred years you desperately looking for facts.
Masterov assumes that physics conspiracies started by the Soviets predate the Soviets and operate in countries where the Soviets never had power.Masterov,do not get mad!
That's not how physics or any science works. Scientists get praised for revolution and overturning previous paradigms -- but only if the new regime better matches reality than the old.Do you realize how many people would lose their jobs if SR is not true?
All physicists know and many in this thread have said that SR is just an approximation to the truth, but Masterov has ruled discussion of General Relativity off-topic and ignores evidence that GR is superior to Newtonian predictions in a way that suggests SR is superior to Newtonian predictions.You really think they will ever admit that SR is not true?
No. The assumption that is false is the assumption by Newton and Galileo that K=0. Experiments since 1859 have been precise enough to show that Nature is far more compatible with $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$.And attention, mathematical demonstration for SR is correct. Assumption required for SR is false.
Masterov assumes that physics conspiracies started by the Soviets predate the Soviets and operate in countries where the Soviets never had power.
That's not how physics or any science works. Scientists get praised for revolution and overturning previous paradigms -- but only if the new regime better matches reality than the old. All physicists know and many in this thread have said that SR is just an approximation to the truth, but Masterov has ruled discussion of General Relativity off-topic and ignores evidence that GR is superior to Newtonian predictions in a way that suggests SR is superior to Newtonian predictions.
No. The assumption that is false is the assumption by Newton and Galileo that K=0. Experiments since 1859 have been precise enough to show that Nature is far more compatible with $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$.
So we start with the generalization of the Galilean Relativity Transform for relative motion in the x direction, $$\Lambda_K(v)$$ which operates on coordinate differences in one coordinate system, $$\Delta S$$, to give us coordinate differences in a different system, $$\Delta S'$$:
$${\huge \Delta S' = \Lambda_K(v) \; \Delta S} \\ \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t' \\ \Delta x' \\ \Delta y' \\ \Delta z' \end{pmatrix} = {\huge \Lambda_K(v) \; } \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ \Delta x \\ \Delta y \\ \Delta z \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{K v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ \frac{v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ \Delta x \\ \Delta y \\ \Delta z \end{pmatrix}$$
Say $$\Delta S$$ represents two snapshots of the location of a non-moving object at two different times. Then
$${\huge \Delta S} = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \\ {\huge \Delta S'} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{K v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ \frac{v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{\Delta t}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} \\ v \frac{\Delta t}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t' \\ v \Delta t' \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$$
And so this transform describes the same pair of snapshots as something moving with velocity v in the other coordinate system.
Say $$\Delta S$$ represents two snapshots of the location of an object moving with velocity -v in the x direction at two different times. Then
$${\huge \Delta S} = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ -v \Delta t \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \\ {\huge \Delta S'} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{K v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ \frac{v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ -v \Delta t \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{\Delta t - K v^2 \Delta t}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} \\ \frac{v \Delta t - v \Delta t}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t' \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$$
And so this transform describes the same pair of snapshots as something not moving in the other coordinate system.
Note that:
$$\Lambda_K(0) = { \tiny \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} } $$
And:
$$\Lambda_K(-v) \Lambda_K(v) = \Lambda_K(v) \Lambda_K(-v) = \Lambda_K(0) $$
And:
$$\exists w = \frac{u + v}{1 + K u v} \; \Lambda_K(u) \Lambda_K(v) = \Lambda_K(v) \Lambda_K(u) = \Lambda_K(w)$$
which demonstrates that for each value of K, the matrices form an Abelian mathematical group[sup]*[/sup] and that this mathematical group gives rise to a velocity composition law. Each assumption of a value of K gives one mathematical structure as internally self-consistent as the other, but in physics we let Nature decide what value of K we should use. To deny Nature the deciding vote is to abandon physics.
Masterov's "summary" of special relativity is badly flawed in three ways.
1) His "transform" of a non-moving object doesn't make it move with velocity v -- this is also a fault of the MT transform
2) His "transform" of an object moving with velocity u in the x direction doesn't make it come to a halt until |v| = c -- this is also a fault of the MT transform
3) His "transform" of +v, when composed with -v doesn't equal a transform with velocity 0 -- this is also a fault of the MT transform
4) His "transform" of any non-zero velocity u, when composed with any non-zero velocity v doesn't equal any transform for any velocity w -- this is also a fault of the MT transform
So of course both Masterov's "summary" of special relativity and the MT transform lead to physically inconsistent predictions like two objects in the same state of motion need not have clocks ticking at the same rate. These flaws are not shared by any of the generalized Galilean transform. And the Lorentz transform is exactly what we get when we assume the hypothesis that $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$.
Nature's preference for $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$ was experimentally found in 1859 by a French scientist looking at phenomena moving at $$v \approx 0.75 c$$; Bertozzi found plenty of evidence for $$K =c^{\tiny -2}$$ looking at phenomena moving at $$ 0.75 \lt v \lt c$$; Fan measured, recorded and then ignored[/tex] evidence for $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$; OPERA thought they found evidence that contradicted $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$, their co-workers disagreed, OPERA then found a bad timing cable, fixed it and then found out that their actual experiment was entirely compatible with $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$; the particle colliders have $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$ built into them and reach particle energies far in excess of $$\frac{1}{2} m c^2$$ as Newton would predict; the GPS has $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$ built into it and soon Europe will launch a civilian GPS which will also have $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$ built in -- because it works.
[sup]*[/sup] Just because this 1-dimensional Lie group is Abelian does not imply that the matrix commutes with rotation of x,y,z axes or with boosts in other directions, but I'm deliberately working with a simple model to illustrate more clearly the differences between my worldview and those of Masterov and Emil.
No. The assumption that is false is the assumption by Newton and Galileo that K=0. Experiments since 1859 have been precise enough to show that Nature is far more compatible with $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$.
So we start with the generalization of the Galilean Relativity Transform for relative motion in the x direction, $$\Lambda_K(v)$$ which operates on coordinate differences in one coordinate system, $$\Delta S$$, to give us coordinate differences in a different system, $$\Delta S'$$:
$${\huge \Delta S' = \Lambda_K(v) \; \Delta S} \\ \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t' \\ \Delta x' \\ \Delta y' \\ \Delta z' \end{pmatrix} = {\huge \Lambda_K(v) \; } \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ \Delta x \\ \Delta y \\ \Delta z \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{K v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ \frac{v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ \Delta x \\ \Delta y \\ \Delta z \end{pmatrix}$$
Say $$\Delta S$$ represents two snapshots of the location of a non-moving object at two different times. Then
$${\huge \Delta S} = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \\ {\huge \Delta S'} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{K v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ \frac{v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{\Delta t}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} \\ v \frac{\Delta t}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t' \\ v \Delta t' \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$$
And so this transform describes the same pair of snapshots as something moving with velocity v in the other coordinate system.
Say $$\Delta S$$ represents two snapshots of the location of an object moving with velocity -v in the x direction at two different times. Then
$${\huge \Delta S} = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ -v \Delta t \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \\ {\huge \Delta S'} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{K v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ \frac{v}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t \\ -v \Delta t \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{\Delta t - K v^2 \Delta t}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} \\ \frac{v \Delta t - v \Delta t}{\sqrt{1 - K v^2}} \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta t' \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$$
And so this transform describes the same pair of snapshots as something not moving in the other coordinate system.
Note that:
$$\Lambda_K(0) = { \tiny \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} } $$
And:
$$\Lambda_K(-v) \Lambda_K(v) = \Lambda_K(v) \Lambda_K(-v) = \Lambda_K(0) $$
And:
$$\exists w = \frac{u + v}{1 + K u v} \; \Lambda_K(u) \Lambda_K(v) = \Lambda_K(v) \Lambda_K(u) = \Lambda_K(w)$$
which demonstrates that for each value of K, the matrices form an Abelian mathematical group[sup]*[/sup] and that this mathematical group gives rise to a velocity composition law. Each assumption of a value of K gives one mathematical structure as internally self-consistent as the other, but in physics we let Nature decide what value of K we should use. To deny Nature the deciding vote is to abandon physics.
Masterov's "summary" of special relativity is badly flawed in three ways.
1) His "transform" of a non-moving object doesn't make it move with velocity v -- this is also a fault of the MT transform
2) His "transform" of an object moving with velocity u in the x direction doesn't make it come to a halt until |v| = c -- this is also a fault of the MT transform
3) His "transform" of +v, when composed with -v doesn't equal a transform with velocity 0 -- this is also a fault of the MT transform
4) His "transform" of any non-zero velocity u, when composed with any non-zero velocity v doesn't equal any transform for any velocity w -- this is also a fault of the MT transform
So of course both Masterov's "summary" of special relativity and the MT transform lead to physically inconsistent predictions like two objects in the same state of motion need not have clocks ticking at the same rate. These flaws are not shared by any of the generalized Galilean transform. And the Lorentz transform is exactly what we get when we assume the hypothesis that $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$.
Nature's preference for $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$ was experimentally found in 1859 by a French scientist looking at phenomena moving at $$v \approx 0.75 c$$; Bertozzi found plenty of evidence for $$K =c^{\tiny -2}$$ looking at phenomena moving at $$ 0.75 \lt v \lt c$$; Fan measured, recorded and then ignored[/tex] evidence for $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$; OPERA thought they found evidence that contradicted $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$, their co-workers disagreed, OPERA then found a bad timing cable, fixed it and then found out that their actual experiment was entirely compatible with $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$; the particle colliders have $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$ built into them and reach particle energies far in excess of $$\frac{1}{2} m c^2$$ as Newton would predict; the GPS has $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$ built into it and soon Europe will launch a civilian GPS which will also have $$K=c^{\tiny -2}$$ built in -- because it works.
[sup]*[/sup] Just because this 1-dimensional Lie group is Abelian does not imply that the matrix commutes with rotation of x,y,z axes or with boosts in other directions, but I'm deliberately working with a simple model to illustrate more clearly the differences between my worldview and those of Masterov and Emil.