Thank you.
The term indoctrinate has been used loosely to describe education. The distinction between the two is whether or not the teachings are applied critically. '
I am not sure exactly what you mean by 'teachings are applied critically'. But the students or the teachers?
In any case, my experience going to what were considered the best public schools in a large east coast city was that we were simply told a lot of facts. There was very little time for us being critical or exhibiting critical thinking skills, except, for example in reading comprehension when picking out the correct multiple choice answers. I have spoken to a lot of people about education, in fact I made my living as a teacher for many years, and I don't think my experiences were out of the ordinary. History was doled out as a series of facts, some of them rather pernicious. There was one social studies teacher who did give us a rather complex textbook that taught history via issues and we were asked to take stands. But this is the only time in that subject. By far and away the pedagogy was based on us as something like tape recorders.
And this is if I just focus on the content of the education. You teach people also by how they are taught, what is not said, how, for example, girls are treated rather than boys, and so on. In this indoctrination ran rampant.
And people who were critical of both implicit indoctrination or challenged ideas or even wanted to speculate or find out the reasons for certain assertions were often not treated well by the teachers.
To indoctrinate means to apply knowledge 'uncritically
I find this confusing also. I assume you mean that one must take in the information/doctrines etc uncritically. But I am not sure.
Religion follows the path of indoctrination as it relies entirely on unquestionable faith, while education can provide the means to demonstrate critically the results of what is being taught.
Yes, it can, but I found it rarely did. I want to stress here how much we were taught that we did not need to be active in our educations. How we needed to take in information that was chosen for us. That our own interests were not important and also, perhaps most important, that critical thinking in relation to the incoming ideas was discouraged. Ideally, you are right. I just think it is much more rare than it ought to be. Education could be like this, but where it is like this it is the exception. It often happens at the college level - but not always even there - but by this time we have already learned how to learn. We have already been trained how to take in information. Our brains have gone through their most remarkable learning periods and our characters have solidified in many ways. It is late in the game.
Why would you not think parents might help their children to think critically when trying to understand those 'doctrines, principles, ideologies, etc.?
They might, some do. And some of the problem is inevitable, given the relationships between parents and children. But my experiences with well educated atheists, my parents amongst them, scientists, journalists, what have you, is that there are sacred cows and issues in these households also. Even in those instances where critical thinking and debate are allowed on certain topics I have seen children reduced to tears by sarcasm, condescension and other 'form' rather than 'content' facets of the parent's education of the children.
If I were killed and my child had to be raised by one of these families or a group of fundamentalists, yes, I would choose one of these families. I am to a certain extent being provocative. But I do think that we overestimate ideas like 'being open minded' 'rational discussions' and do not notice the real dynamics, that, yes, I do believe end up indoctrinating the children. Not to speak of those topics that all families have where no discussion and dissent are allowed. Or those areas of education, for example again that of what it is to be a boy rather than a girl, where the teaching is rarely laid out in black and white. It is not a topic of discussion: today we will tell you what we expect a boy to act like in the world and you may question us critically about this. But rather something that is taught through thousands of cues, subtle rewards and punishments and not so subtle ones, even by the families that consider themselves so enlightened and secular.
I think it is just peachy to take the religious to task for the ways that they indoctrinate their children, but I feel this is often used as a distraction from the ways in which these patterns are endemic in parenting and schooling. I think there is a beam in everyone's eye and no time or room for smugness or at least we are not like them thinking.
Also somehow 'religious' families seems to mean the most blunt of the fundamentalists, when in fact there are many religious families that encourage critical thinking and an exchange course I took under some Jesuits damn well put my CI skills to the task.
So my reaction in this thread is that a reaction to what seems to me to be a habitual implicit self-congratulation on the part of rationalists/atheists for something they really haven't achieved yet. This self-congratulation takes its form often in pointing out that what
they do is indoctrination.