By exploring the same subject in several ways, by learning to approach the same issue through different points of view, by speaking and writing your own points of view. We had a lot of composition, essay writing, paraphrasing, reading comprehension, elocution, drama. History class was an airplane ride, English a singing or story telling lesson, biology was debate, french was acting. That sort of thing. It was a private school.
I had a similar education.
However, by saying that I was taught facts, I mean that I was not fed illusions at school, not was I stimulated to waste time on "illogical things".