Flores:
Me:
In fact, there are two parts to evolution:
1. The production of variation (through mutation etc.), which is random.
2. Natural selection, which is totally non-random.
You:
I totally disagree with your definitions above. You can't characterise one as random and one as non-random, because the problem is too complicated to assign order or lack of order to it. See my answers below.
I disagree. In genetic terms, this is very clear-cut. Genes mutate at random, due to a number of processes. There is nothing at all which can be said to guide the mutation of genes (unless God has a hidden hand in that process - maybe there you could drive a small wedge for your "design" argument).
On the other hand, as I explained, natural selection is non-random. When we talk about natural selection, we are not talking about the chance accidents of life which kill some animals and spare others. We are talking about general environmental factors which affect all animals of a species in a particular region equally (apart from differences in their phenotypes derived from the innate variations between the genes of individual animals).
In the sense of natural selection, "the environment" includes the entire ecosystem in which an animal (or plant or whatever) lives. An animal's environment includes the climate, the indigenous plant species, other species of animal in the region, and other members of the animal's own species.
Me:
The principle of natural selection states that in a population of organisms competing for common resources and breeding rights, those which are better adapted to their environments will be, on average, more likely to survive and bear offspring. This is non-random, because it is determined by the environment. Which animal is better adapted is not a roll of the dice.
You:
It's not a roll of a dice, yet it's also not a linear determinante function. You are making the ultimate mistake of assuming a common denominator when talking about life. You lump chimpanze, dolphins, humans, and plants in the same category and start preaching about natural selection. Do you see any problems with your line of thought?
No. Life is a continuum, not a bunch of discrete groups. Natural selection acts on the particular individual forms of each kind of life. The same environmental factors affect different species in different ways due to the particular anatomical and behavioural features of the species.
No creature, including a human being, can separate itself from its environment. No creature is special and can avoid natural selection, even human beings. However, it is important to also realise that there are other types of selective effects at work apart from natural selection due to environmental factors. If you look at dog breeds, for example, they have not been created by natural selection; they were created by <b>artificial</b> selection by human beings. Humans have selectively bred dogs over generations, which has resulted not in speciation, but in wide variation among "breeds" of dogs. Humans also continually artificially "select" certain portions of our population to live or die, through things such as wars. But this artificial selection does not supercede natural selection, or prevent natural processes from operating in tandem.
Can a chimpanze build an air conditioning unit to adapt to the hotter environment? Can a lion apply sun block lotions to avoid cancer? Can humans grow duck oils to coat our hair so it won't get wet when we swim? Can humans grow a feature where everytime you cut one of our limbs another one grow in it's place?
No. Why not? Because all present-day animals are restricted by the past process of evolution. We are not blank slates, and evolution is very gradual. Current chimpanzees have not evolved brains which allow them to build air conditioners. However, if you wait a few million years, present-day chimpanzees will have descendants which may well have that capacity. When it comes to water-proof oils, in fact humans do excrete certain oils already, and our skin is fairly water-tight. That is an evolved trait. If we lived our lives in the water, we would no doubt gradually, over many generations, become more like the whales. As to growing extra limbs, humans currently lack particular genes which allow this to occur. Historically, it has not been an evolutionary advantage for such genes to develop in humans, since any accident or other occurence involving the loss of a limb has also in most cases killed the person involved. Losing limbs is actually quite rare for humans, as compared to lizards and the like. You must bear in mind that everything is a trade-off. The ability to regrow limbs would have to come at the expense of some other useful feature of human beings. Historically, therefore, this ability has not developed, because it has had no overriding selective advantage for humans.
We are discussing evolution as it relates to religion, humans are key to our discussions, and last but not least, this is not a biology forum.
If you are going to discuss evolution, the first thing to realise is that it is, first and foremost, a <b>scientific</b> theory. Therefore, it is very important to know the science. Without that, discussing the philosophical aspects is to talk without knowing what you're talking about.
If you, Snake, and company would rather compare my survival skill to mice inorder to make your points about evolution, then you're better off speaking to the mice of this world and convincing them that evolution creates and control them. The discussion of evolution if not strictly spoken in the biological sense of discipline classification is a subintelligence discussion that is not befitting of intelligent beings like humans.
I don't know what you're trying to say here.
The Environment doesn't guide evolution. The environment guides the adaptation methods which may not at all be genetics related.
Absolutely. Natural selection occurs at the level of the individual organism. But the form and behaviour of an organism is determined by a combination of genetic heritage, as well as cultural and other environmental factors. We must be careful to distinguish between "adaptation" in its genetic sense from "adaptation" via learned behaviours and experience of an individual. <b>Only</b> genetic adaptations are passed on to future generations. There is no "inheritance of aquired characteristics". Giraffes did not get their long necks by continually reaching for high leaves, as pre-Darwinian theories proposed.
For example, and since you guys like to talk about anything but humans, two same bred dogs from the same parents where separated at birth. One lived in a small apartment, his food was handed to him twice a day, his water the same, he slept in bed with his master, ect. His brother grew up in a dairy farm where he chased cayotes all night and herded cows all day. He hunted for food, fought with other dogs for the right to exist, ect.... If you put one in the other's environment, they would probably die the first week. Now, tell me, do you still think that the different environments that these two dogs have lived in had any say about their genetic code, or did it merely affect their adaptation skills??
Obviously, their environments had no effect on their genetic codes, which were set at birth. The survival or otherwise, and successful or unsuccessful breeding of these dogs obviously would depend on many different factors. However, these are but two individuals. Evolution does not take a short-term, small-numbers view of things. Instead, it is a process spread over millions of years and many many individuals. If you want to consider dog evolution, you really need to think about how generations of dogs brought up in your two situations would tend to change over time. You would certainly expect differences to develop between two populations of dogs brought up in these two environments over generations without interbreeding, because the selection pressures in each environment would be very different.
There is many other holes in your assumption in regards to the environment dictating the genetic evolution. You are assuming that organisms lack intelligence and adaptation mechanisms. Adaptation is not always a genetic adaptation. For example, if you compare native Alaskan men and middle eastern men, you'll see minimum genetic differences, yet, you'll find one wrapped up in animal fur and the other cooling down under a cotton turbin..
Yes. As I said, evolution is concerned with biological adaptation. Of course, in the long term behavioural adaptations influence biological adaptation, so in a sense it is all part of the same thing.
Of course, I'm aware of the various life on our planets and how each of them is genetically suited for their environment. It's not fair of you to ask me those obvious questions in regards to the fact that there are billion of species all around our earth perfectly suited and adapted to their envrionmnet. It's not fair of you to try to then jump to the conclusion that since all genes are adapted to their environements that they must have evolved for a single gene and underwent a natural selection process...
You need to understand that every animal is unique. It is not a matter of all life being perfectly adapted to its environment. In fact, most forms of life could be better adapted than they are. If you were designing a lifeform from scratch, you'd probably do a better job than evolution, given enough information about the environment. What is important in evolution is whether one individual is <b>better</b> adapted than another, given all the circumstances.
Once you drop the idea that all cows are essentially the same, that all sunflowers are the same, and so on, and accept that every individual organism is unique, you will find it very hard not to accept the conclusion that the environment acts on different individuals in different ways. And once you get that far, natural selection becomes a matter of common sense. Before you know it, you'll be an "evolutionist".
Period...why can't you guys be truthfull to yourself and look at things the way they are and glorify the excellent creation? Why do you have to philosophize, extrapolate, and try to make it sound like you have the intelligence to put the entire puzzle together?
Putting the puzzle together is easy. The great thing about evolution is that, once you understand it, it is a beautifully neat and logical and, overall, <b>simple</b> explanation of life on Earth. Believing in evolution doesn't mean you have to throw out God, though it does mean you need to throw away biblical or Quranic literalism. In my opinion, knowing about evolution does not in any way remove the sense of wonder at the complexity and magnificence of life on Earth. On the contrary, it enhances it - it mangifies my sense of wonder. If God created evolution, then I have tremendous respect for Him.
Are you then concluding from this example that hairier men have a better chance of survival than less hairier men?
In cold climates, yes.
What kind of stupid humans or animals that sticks it out in a cold and wait to die by the elements? Even the dumbest of goose migrate south in the winter and north in the summer.
Humans have more trouble migrating than geese. And yes, we take shelter, and wear clothes and make fires to protect ourselves from the cold as much as possible. But small things can make a big difference in evolutionary terms, because we are concerned with the <b>differences</b> between individuals, not the things they share in common. All things considered, a hairy man has a better chance against the cold than a less hairy one, once you factor out the fire-making, the clothing and so on. Also, bear in mind that ancient humans did not have good clothing and air-conditioners.
Are you completely throwing out instinct and behavioral adaptation and assuming that we are all a bunch of computers waiting to be moved to survive the fire???
Not at all. I hope I've explained this sufficiently above.
If you keep this conversation a bit longer, you won't find any animals anywhere, because as we speak, Bush is bombing the Saharas of this world and digging the Alaskan oil resources. So how about it for your stupid theory that ONLY the environmental elements governs the genetic survival?
Bush's bombing is part of the environment.
The only primitive mind I see here is yours.....Please step up to human status and start explaining to me how your evolution theory predicts the future of humans who although it's not in their genetic codes, are capable of making weapons of mass destruction??
Evolution will continue to work on human beings whether or not we bomb ourselves into oblivion, provided that at least some of us survive to breed. Evolution has given us large brains and the ability to think out the consequences of our actions. Let's hope we take advantage of our genetic heritage.