Alpha said:
Faith is not a virtue... Faith is pushed because religion is a social construct for controlling people.
I am taking the diachronical perspective on this, and you seem to be taking the synchronical perspective. As such, we are bound to collide with our findings.
“ I take you are an atomist? I'm a holist, I doubt we will ever get along. ”
Uh, care to elaborate what you mean?
Here's a little
something on holism. And
here.
Everything is limited in some way. Anything unlimited is unlimited in one way, but limited in some other way(s).
Okay, I just needed a clarification.
“ Inductiveness is due to the limitations of observations. ”
Explain. Inductive reasoning is used to form hypothesis sometimes, but deduction is used to determine it's truth. One may observe white swans and conclude all swans are white, but that's not necessarily true. One has not determined whether or not swans can be any other colour. Once one determines how swans get their colour one can see that swans can be coloured differently. Deductive reasoning is used to accomplish this.
Our observations are limited; we want explanations, we want theories, but for this, we must choose a limited number of phenomena of the kind we are observing. It can happen that a certain characteristic is typical for the greater part of all of the observed phenomena, or even all, but this doesn't mean yet that this characteristic is true for the whole kind of these phenomena. Like your example with the swans.
But what if the observed phenomena is more elusive than swans? What if what we are observing are phenomena in society, human behaviour? Then, it is possible to make grave mistakes due to the use of inductive thinking.
(Think for example of frenology -- a murderer can be recognized by the shape of the skull. Nowadays, we laugh at that, but back then, this theory was regarded as true. Maybe those who come after us will, due to other technology, negate or re-define our theories.)
I think my current theory is quite satisfactory: Religion is a social construct used to control people.
It fits all the facts. It satisfies certain needs in people by positing answers to the questions you mentioned. Comforts people by positing an afterlife, and gives them an emotional dependancy on it. It preaches the importance of faith -- taking things at face value, and not questioning, which is just the mindset you want in people you're controling: that of "sheeple."
This is a description of the present state, and you are trying to make connections between the individual phenomena taking part in the frame of religion. You are viewing the matter from the synchronical perspective.
Like I said before, and in the language debate in the other thread, I am taking the diachronical perspective. I am trying to explain the phenomenon of religion from a historical position; I am looking at it from the developmental POV. Religion wasn't simply invented or created for a certain reason. If anything, it was a natural consequence of people living in a society.
Think back: We are facing a society of early humans. As soon as we are dealing with a group of organisms, living together and being inter-dependent, we are encountering rules and regulations that keep this group together and alive. These rules and regulations are the social control needed for a viable society. However, these rules and regulations can be conceptualized and verbalized in many different ways. Be it religion (animistic, monotheistic, polytheistic), political or economical ideology (capitalism, communism), or even something else. All have one thing in common: social control.
I will take what you said about religion and replace a few words: and the thinking remains valid:
Capitalism is a social construct used to control people.
It fits all the facts. It satisfies certain needs in people by positing answers to the questions you mentioned. Comforts people by positing a comfortable life as the highest value, and gives them an emotional dependancy on it. It preaches the importance of choice -- taking things at face value, and not questioning, which is just the mindset you want in people you're controling: that of "sheeple." People in capitalism are no less sheeple than people in a religious system. Just the names and the ways are different.
The only difference between the gods of religion and the gods in philosophy are that the ones of religion are "determined" to be true based on faith, while the one's of philosophy are determined using logic, which is the means for determining truth.
What good does it do to have a god of philosophy?!
Not necessarily. The only difference is the subjective beliefs in the truth of the matter.
The thing about logic and philosophy is that everyone uses the same "language" because the definitions are well defined and layed out so each party knows what's being discussed. If a theist wants to change the definition of God, they can do so.
But those gods of historic religions are there in a manner that the individual has a subjective relationship with that god.
“ A logical explanation of a God of an established religion is bound to have logical inconsitencies and paradoxes. ”
One of the reasons I used a definition of God independant from religion.
But what is the point of talking about God independant from religion?!
“ Explaining that God and trying to define him is the same as if one would try to logically explain and define why it is more logical to prefer apples to peaches. ”
Not at all. There is a tremendous difference that you ought to be made well aware of. The preference of apples and peaches, or anything else is a subjective thing. It's an opinion, and opinions can't be wrong. The existence of God is an objective thing which is either true or false. It's not a matter of opinion.
This is a present description. Once more, we need to think back to the origins of religious thought. Then, a society had certain values, preferences and norms, shared by the most of their members. Why were those values, preferences and norms the way they were and not some other? Those rules and regulations that control a society (the values, preferences and norms) are set by the opinion of the most powerful members of the group.
I am trying to explain religion from the practical POV, while you are in taking the philosophical POV. But eventually, societies behave by some guidelines of practicality, feasibility, and not by what consequent logical thought would say. Or are we to discard reality in favor of philosophy? :bugeye:
EDIT: I used the comparison between apples and peaches in the sense that there is no logical reason or justification why one prefers apples over peaches. But there is the reason that to someone apples taste better.
Similar with religions: There is no logical reason or justification why prefer Christianity over Islam, for example, or why prefer the God of one religion to that of another. But there are plenty of historical, social, economical, and territorial reasons for such a preference.
“ And I think I know where the problem stems from: In logics, as well as in labyrinths, when you get lost, go back to the last known junction: ”
Not sure where you got that from, or your reasoning behind it.
I am thinking in terms of actual historical development. I think that the debate about God became a part of the philosophical debate for reasons of justifying the values, preferences and norms a certain society had. At some point, in Europe, the Christian church felt the need to justify their Christian values, preferences and norms (as pursuing them is not self-evident), and for this justification, it used logic to prove the truthfulness of those values, preferences and norms.
This is where the thing went wrong. One cannot logically justify why, for example, you shouldn't steal, or why you must believe in only one God, and it has to be the Christian God. Justifying ethical values is impossible to do with logic. How are you supposed to logically justify that it is not right to jut go and kill people?
(As for the tactic in "when you get lost situations": Another practical example: So Moses was pictured with horns on his head for many years. One wonders why. And some brave minds went back to the Bible translation and found out that a verse was mistranslated, and it was due to this mistranslation that Moses got horns.
I take it is possible that there are more of such examples, not just of mistranslations, but of misconceptions and misinterpretations throughout history -- and this is why some phenomena in the present seem odd -- as if they had "horns".)
Ethics is irrelevant to this debate, and I believe religion is irrelevant to ethics as well.
The God of philosophy indeed is irrelevant to ethics; but religion is a certain brand of ethics.
That is not what God is. It may be what religion is about, but that is irrelevant. I am only debating the truth or falsity of the existence of God. So claiming that the existence of God is extraneous to some other debate is wrong. That debate is extraneous.
And you can debate the truth or falsity of the existence of God *only* in the realm of philosophy. Religions have no doubt that God is.
This debate should actually be in the philosophy section, and theists have no part in it, not even agnostics.
The God you are debating is the god of philosophy, a philosophical construct, no different than any other philosophical construct.
As such, the only use of a God in philosophy would be to "cover the issues of inexplicability, uncertainty and spontaneousness".