Phlogistician's #149;
Jan Ardena;2312729 [I said:
I cannot put theism and the crusades together[/I].
Well Jan, if that's true, you are rather ignorant of history. What do you think inspired men to travel all the way to the HOLY LAND and fight a war?
History recognises eight crusades to the holy land and two others; The Albigensian Crusade and the Children's Crusade, making ten in all.
First Crusade[1095-1099] Created at the instigation of Pope Urban ll who aroused European christians to relieve their christian bretheren under attack from the muslim Turks. As well, he called for this crusade to take back Jerusalem from muslims [it had been in their hands for 400 years.]
Second Crusade [1145-1148] Instigated by Pope Eugenius lll with assistance from Bernard of Clairvaux, the greatest churchman of his era.
Third Crusade [1187-1192] Pope Gregory Vlll and the archbishop of Tyre instigated this crusade when Saladin defeated the Knights Templar in the battle of Hattin. Richard the Lionheart of England, Phillip ll of France and Frederick Barbarossa of Germany led the armies.
Fourth Crusade [1202-1204] Instigated by Pope Innocent lll. The most sameful of all crusades in that it initiated the first crusade against fellow christians. These crusaders attacked and looted Byzantium [the eastern christan church] twice.
Albigensian Crusade [1209-1229] A disgusting era in the christian church unparalleled in cruelty, ferocity and slaughter that took place mostly in western Europe. Instigated by Pope Gregory lX. This awful period lead this pope to instigate the Papal Inquisitions.
The Children's Crusade [1212-1213] Some 30,000 children ended their lives in the journey or were sold as slaves. The Pied Piper of Hamelin legend may have begun with this event. Pope Innocent lll hailed it as a positive example of piety.
Fifth Crusade[1217-1221] Instigated by Pope Innocent lll but carried out by Pope Honorius. It succeeded in taking the Egyptian port of Damietta and lost it back to the muslim armies shortly after.
Sixth Crusade [1228-1229] Perhaps the most successful crusade of all. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick ll missed the 5th crusade through illness, was excommunicated by Pope Gregory lX, and began his own crusade. He gained Jerusalem, Jaffa, Bethlehem and Nazareth by treaty from the Sultan of Egypt. But the Khwarazmian Turks captured Jerusalem in 1244 and it remained in muslim control until Dec,1917.
Seventh Crusade [1248-1250] Instigated by Pope Innocent lV and led by Louis lX of France, later Saint Louis. Damietta was captured and lost again. Louis was captured, ransomed and later returned to France.
Eighth Crusade [1267-1272] Louis lX began a new crusade to oust the latest Turkish threat, that of the Mamelukes. Baibars, their leader was known for wholesale slaughter etc, etc, capturing Antioch and Jaffa. Unfortunately he was diverted to Tunis, became trapped by lethargy in Carthage [as well as by dysentery, typhus and plagues of all sorts. Louis and most of his army died there and achieved nothing.
As may be seen, the Crusades were a christian thing and nothing but. They were religion based and religion driven.
OriginalBiggles, Prime
"Giving every man the vote has made them no more wise and happy than christianity has made them good." H.L.Mencken