Hi Geeser! Love your post. Very eloquent and well supported.
First, let me reiterate that this argument really doesn't matter - it's just a label. The label doesn't define anyone.
Anyone who says "You're an [insert label here], so you must be [insert stereotypical attribute here]" is either ignorant, or in too much of a hurry to engage in debate anyway. (SAM, take note!)
Pete! I beg to differ Michael had it right, the word atheism is a label to describe atheist as a group, which we are not, so you can disregard the "ism" bit. We are simply atheists, we do have a similar mind set, but we don't follow any doctrine, or beliefs, we are atheists, not a group of people who go to a church to follow atheism, It is the natural state of being, it is just a word to describe us, as you would a herd of cattle a flock of sheep etc... Atheism is not something you are. it's a word coined to mean the opposite to theism, it's that simple. the fact it ends in an ism, is irrelevant, it is just to show it as the yang, to theisms ying. ...
First up, I disagree with some key points in your summary.
I'm not sure why you say that "atheism" is a label for a group. Who uses it in that way? It's a label for a belief, attitude, or philosophy.
Atheism wasn't coined to mean "not a theist", it was coined by the French to mean someone who maintained that there is no God:
Athéisme
L'athéisme est une attitude ou une doctrine philosophique qui affirme l'inexistence ou ne conçoit pas l'existence de quelque dieu, divinité ou entité surnaturelle que ce soit, contrairement par exemple au déisme et au théisme qui soutiennent cette existence, et à l'agnosticisme qui la considère comme indécidable.
(Try
http://babelfish.altavista.com. I don't speak French either
)
I note that three of your quotes are from people who are specifically trying to
redefine atheism (ie they implicitly acknowledge that common and historical usage implies an active belief in the absence of God), and that some use a questionable etymological argument (a-theist vs atheos-ist).
I accept that the meaning of the word may be changing as a result of this activism.
Consider carefully the etymology of atheist -
Online Etymology Dictionary:
1571, from Fr. athéiste (16c.), from Gk. atheos "to deny the gods, godless," from a- "without" + theos "a god" (see Thea). A slightly earlier form is represented by atheonism (c.1534) which is perhaps from It. atheo "atheist."
It's pretty clear to me that both historical and current common usage imply that atheism means an active belief that there is no God. If someone gave the existence of God any more credibility than the existence of faerie folk, then I think that most people would not give them the label of atheist. When someone whoholds a more liberal view applies the label "atheist" to themself, they only confuse those who understand the term in the traditional way.
The question now is
why do people want to redefine the term?
Clearly, there are people who self-identify as atheists who want to stress that they don't hold a specific belief in the absence of God. You've quoted some of them. So why do they feel they need do this?
This is really a backlash against criticism that "atheism" is a faith-based position. A common theist argument is to say "But believeing there is no God is just as much faith-based as believing there is a God." I do not think that redefining "atheism" is the best response to that criticism. A better response is to focus on the burden of proof - see Bertrand Russell's teapot argument, which is what Johnson is getting at in one of your quotes.
It might also be necessary to distinguish between a faithful certainty and a rational belief. I believe that there are no faerie folk, but if they all came out of hiding tomorrow I would change my mind without feeling upset that I was wrong. That's not how people feel about faith-based beliefs.
To quote Dawkins:
I'm agnostic about God to the same extent that I'm agnostic about fairies at the bottom of the garden.
...and that's what atheism is.
Not that it matters.