1) The lunar astronauts were indeed exposed to high levels of radiation.
Ofcourse they were, the Sun is an infinite source of deadly radiation.
If a solar flare of any significance had occurred during their trip, they would have been killed. This is a risk they all acknowleged.
"During a solar maximum, about 15 flares per day emit detectable X-ray energies."
http://radhome.gsfc.nasa.gov/radhome/papers/seeca3.htm
"...(1964 for solar minimum and 1970 for solar maximum)."
"So the Apollo missions, from 1969 to 1972, were occurring during a solar maximum, when there would have been peak numbers of solar flares per day!
Edward P. Ney estimates the radiation risks in an article titled The Sun Under Surveillance in the 1967 World Book Science Year: "We have rough estimates of what the moon travelers can expect, based on a few observations made during the last solar maximum in 1957. The most violent flares probably will produce exposures of 100 roentgens each hour and may hold this level for several hours". The terms roentgen and rem (Roentgen Equivalent Man) are interchangeable.
This level of radiation dose is confirmed by Space Biomedical Research Institute in Humans in Space:
"SOLAR FLARE
Very hazardous and intermittent but may persist for 1 to 2 days.
High energy protons travel at the speed of light so there is no time to get under cover.
Protected dose 10-100 REM/hr
Unprotected dose Fatal"
http://internet.ocii.com/~dpwozney/apollo5.htm
3) The skins of the lunar spacecraft were intentionally thin for two important reasons:
a) Weight, obviously.
b) Cosmic rays can (not always) pass through a human without causing too much damage. If a cosmic ray hits a heavy metallic nuclei, it will produce a cascade of even more deadly secondary radiation. Thin walls minimize this threat.
Can you please link the source of this information. I'm definately interested in learning more about it.
4) Propulsion technology was more than adequate to get us to the moon. In the 50's we had successfully tested several variations on nuclear fission rockets (NERVA) for example.
No we didn't, the NEVA program wasn't propsed until 1954, and was still in the concept phase as of 1957. So "several variations" were not conducted.
5) Ganymede, are you a physicist? Or an astrodynamisist? An engineer or scientist of any knid?
Negative.
6) The scientists and engineers who are animated in front of audiences are in the vanishingly small minority. These guys especially, were stoics by nature. They were trained to keep their emotions in check in order that they didn't get themselves killed in combat or an emergengy situation of any kind.
I repsectfully disagree, your opinion is subjective.
7) Are you, by the way, a human behavioral scientist?
Are you a clarivoyant?
8) Retroreflectors on the moon, left by the apollo missions, are still used today to make precise measurements of lunar motion.
You don't need a manned mission to the moon to place reflectors on the lunar surface. Did the mars rover require a manned mission.. nope
9) What was indeed far behind the propulsion technology of the day was theatrical special effects. There is no way the lunar vistas (from lunar orbit or the surface), the extended low-g lunar dust and other effects, views of the earth from the lunar surface and lunar orbit, could have been faked. I think you need to investigate the conspiracy to hide the existence of advanced sun graphics workstations and digital ray-tracing and image manipulation software from the world. In the 60's. Righto.[/QUOTE]
More conjecture, please explain why there was no visible blast crater left by the lunar module? An Astronaut can leave a foot print, but a rocket engine with 10,000 pounds of thrust can't? Righto