In the design of a controlled implosion structural elements are first weakened on the levels to be shot (that have explosives in them). This weakening is done by removing lateral resistance so the building can be toppled in the direction desired. Without weakening the lateral resisting elements, much of the building will not fall as happened in Miami a few years ago. This was not a building imploded by Controlled Demolition but by another firm.
Weakening consists of manually cutting steel in shearwalls and columns and removing the centers of shearwalls, leaving only the amount of structure (with a proper safety factor) for the building to stand under gravity loads and small wind loads.
Generally, the first level is shot and then each third level shot. Large beams and column transfer beams require additional work.
The explosives are set in a series of delays, for instance, the first level is shot, starting from the first columns that in the direction that the building is to fall, then the columns behind it are shot in a series that causes the building to lean toward the fall area.
In addition columns in levels to be shot are tied with cables from the bottom of the first column shot to the top of other columns to the rear to assist in pulling the building in the desired direction.
As the building starts to fall and lean, additional levels are shot, normally in the same sequence described above to further direct the fall as well as minimize the seismic vibrations as multiple levels hit the ground.
If done well, the final pile lays out like a pack of cards and is of a height that can be easily handled by heavy equipment.
What is important to note is that the building is not blown down by explosives but the building tears itself down by gravity forces. Minimal explosives are used. You just “cut its legs off”.
The failures of the various towers of 9/11 were not anything like a purposefully designed demolition.
Indeed.
Another thing to keep in mind is what it would have taken, in manpower, explosives and detcord to do a CD on a building the size of the WTC.
The tallest building done with CD was 1/3 as tall as the WTC, and yet the columns in that building were larger than could be cut with shaped charges.
A description of what it took is informative:
Double column rows installed in the structure between vertical construction phases, internal brick shear walls, x-bracing, 70 elevators and 10 stairwells created an extremely stiff frame. Columns weighing over 500 lb/ft, having up to 7.25 inch thick laminated steel flanges and 6 inch thick webs, defied commercially available shaped charge technology. CDI analyzed each column, determined the actual load it carried and then used cutting torches to scarf-off steel plates in order to use smaller shaped charges to cut the remaining steel. CDI wanted to keep the charges as small as possible to reduce air over pressure that could break windows in adjacent properties.
CDI’s 12 person loading crew took twenty four days to place 4,118 separate charges in 1,100 locations on columns on nine levels of the complex. Over 36,000 ft of detonating cord and 4,512 non-electric delay elements were installed in CDI’s implosion initiation system, some to create the 36 primary implosion sequence and another 216 micro-delays to keep down the detonation overpressure from the 2,728 lb of explosives which would be detonated during the demolition.
http://www.controlled-demolition.com/jl-hudson-department-store
hardalee said:It would have taken a massive amount of explosives failing proper weakening of the structures first which could not have occurred. In the case of these steel framed buildings, many shape charges would have been required, one on almost every column on at least one level so the building would pancake with out much leaning. The shape charges would have been very large since the web of the steel shapes would not have been weakened as normally done.
Shape charges make a lot of noise. The sound is supersonic. No such sounds were heard in the 9/11 collapses.
Again, Indeed.
Here is the Video of the Hudson going down.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JP1HJoG-1Pg
And here is a video of a tower more like the WTC in design (only 30 stories and at 390 ft, not as tall as the Hudson)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8U4erFzhC-U
All conspiracy theories about 9/11 belong in pseudoscience or the cesspool.
As always, I mean that in the nicest possible way.
Hardalee
You're much more tolerant than I am.
I don't think anyone who actually looks into it could believe that CD was involved and so I tend to think that they are purposefully spreading disinformation.
Arthur
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