Yazata
Valued Senior Member
I am specifically aiming this question at those of you who believe that you are faithfully adhering to a specific set of beliefs and practices that will ensure your salvation*.
I'm an agnostic (epistemologically) and effectively an atheist (I'm reasonably certain that the Judeo-Christian-Islamic 'God' doesn't exist).
But having said that, I follow a Buddhist practice. (Or more accurately, I feel guilty about not giving that practice the attention it deserves.)
In particular I'd like to know why you feel certain (or close to it) that the particular set of beliefs that you adhere to represent those which are necessary to achieve the desired outcome (salvation), as opposed to some other set of beliefs that may be inadequate and/or mutually exclusive.
I don't.
One of the things that attracts me to Buddhism is that primarily, it's what religious-studies types call an 'orthopraxy'. That word means 'right practice', and it's contrasted with 'orthodoxy', which means 'right belief'. In Buddhism, what matters isn't so much what you believe as what you do.
Am I certain that my thinking and ideas accurately reflect those of the Buddha and the historical tradition? No. I'm pretty sure that some of my ideas are dramatically different. I feel no guilt about crafting a modernist form of Buddhist philosophy for myself that's consistent with contemporary scientific understanding of the universe. The Buddha formed his ideas and expressed his message in terms of the concepts that were available in his ancient time and place. I suspect that if he were alive today, he'd probably express his insights in terms derived from our time and place, cognitive neuroscience or something.
Am I certain that my more traditional ideas of Buddhist practice will successfully deliver me to salvation, nibbana or whatever it's supposed to be? No. I have no way of knowing that. In fact, I'm almost certain that it isn't going to happen in this lifetime. I don't anticipate any grand enlightenment events.
But having acknowledged that, and addressing your question more directly, practice isn't without its own internal verification and rewards. But it's modest and subtle, small alterations in mood, awareness, cognition and functioning that seem to be improvements.
This isn't about supernatural personalities or revealed transcendntal ontologies. It's just a matter of making simple changes (both inner-contemplative and outer-ethical) in real life and then observing what the effects seem to be. If the results seem to be positive, then the practice might be working and appears to have some truth in a pragmatic sense.
Can I be sure that other paths don't work? Of course not. It's entirely possible that different inconsistent practices have their own pragmatic truth for different individuals in different psychological circumstances. The Buddhist tradition (and perhaps the Buddha himself) used the analogy of medicine to describe this. They portray the Buddha as a physician treating spiritual disease. And just as a physician prescribes different treatments to different patients depending on their circumstances, the Buddha often did the same with his teaching. The early discourses are always delivered to particular individuals in response to particular needs.