Buffalo Roam: "how do you know that extreme maneuvers were preformed during the flights on 9/11"
Because I undertand what overspeed means in a jetliner. Any low-level flying at 500 Knots+ in an airliner is extreme; things happen very fast, and the jet doesn't behave very forgivingly. Big jets don't want to go that fast down low, and their avionics and airframes complain loudly about it, making it very hard to concentrate. It takes a lot of g-force and real estate to get turned around and lined up. Just nailing an altitude would be extremely difficult, and nearly impossible for an amatuer, all of whom are highly prone to over-controlling while many things are happening very quickly.
The 9-11 attack pilots flew with obviously advanced skill. AA 11 did take a fairly direct track from Albany, but the overspeed aspects were still not so deftly manageable by mere civilian flight-school dropouts. The following UAL 175 and American 77 flew much more aggressive maneuvers to target. Special skills are even more evident in those attack runs.
"were is your proof that extreme maneuvers were used to pilot the aircraft?"
Physics. Everything happening in an airliner at 500+ knots and low level is extreme. Making a 2-degree course correction is extreme. Hitting a thermal is extreme.
Here you can look at excerpts of the radar data. As an instructor, I've plotted the flight paths of a lot of students in training. There are always bobbles and noodles as mistakes are made, especially in transistion to higher performance aircraft. I don't see those mistakes in these tracks. The terrorist pilots of 9-11 flew with uncommon confidence and proficiency. Rather than re-hash everything, I would refer you back to a
previous thread on this topic.
"No advanced manuvers by your own statement."
They weren't giving an aerobatics demonstration. They were flying visual attack profiles,
complete with high-g turns no airline autopilot can make,
that never overshot heading. American 77 made an overhead turn after acquiring the target that would have quickly overwhelmed the functional workload and situational awareness of any pilot not familiar with low-level jet attack. The 9-11 attackers weren't out there to compete with the Thunderbirds. Nevertheless, they did demonstrate unique mastery of complex aircraft, operated far outside their normal flight envelopes.
"I didn't know that AA77 FDR information could show the placement of light poles on the ground"
A 5-degree approach to the Pentagon impact site misses the light poles. American 77 clipped them. If air defense radar data were publicized instead of transponder replies, I'm sure we would have a much clearer public picture. But obviously, AA77 came in shallower than the NTSB says they did. The weapon being delivered required shallow delivery for maximum effect.
"Can you roll a 707 Boeing at 500 ft?"
Barrel rolls are easy in any airplane. There are potentially deadly pitfalls for the untrained, like falling out in a split S, overspeeding, or hitting terrain in a failure to anticipate flight path. These dangers are especially present and unforgiving in high-speed aircraft. But to answer your question: Yes, I'm comfortable with barrel rolls from any altitude, right down to about 6 feet under the right conditions. I'm confident of performing them in any aircraft with less than 3 gs applied- Any flyiable airplane can be safely rolled, whether the maneuver is approved or not. Here are the basics:
1. Dive or accelerate for a comfortable margin in the flight envelope affording plenty of kinetic energy, but still some buffer from Vne.
2. Pitch up (fairly briskly but without overstress) to a wings level pitch attitude in degrees that varies inversely with airspeed: Let's generally say 30 degrees at 100 knots, down to about 10 degrees at 350.
3. Apply full aileron and coordinating rudder in the direction of roll desired.
4. Relax elevator for ballistic flight approaching inverted, continuing with full aileron deflection all the way around. Keep track of the horizon ahead right here- this is vital at low level. Roll axis is kept above the horizon until past inverted. Roll axis is only allowed below the horizon terrain and obstructions permitting; with sufficient entry airspeed and initial pull, ballistic flight (momentum) can carry the maneuver through without a loss of altitude. As with any flight above stalling alpha, If you don't point it down, you don't hit the ground.
5. Return to normal flight with wings level.
I could similarly describe aileron rolls and snap rolls, but I won't bore you with that, since it was only a gentle barrel roll that
Tex Johston caused such a stir with in the "Dash 80" back in 1955. The attack on the Pentagon was an obviously more criminal feat, and also much more difficult.