Conservation of souls?

You are begging the question.
Whether empiricism has the scope to provide evidence for any and all claims is precisely the question being debated.

It's kind of like string theory. You can tweak the variables to make our universe quite nicely. But you can tweak them to make any other universe just as easily.
So, while it may make a great model for our universe, it makes just as great a model for an almost uncountable number of other universes.
Thus, while technically it might be correct, it is useless.
 
Is the number of souls that are in existence fixed?
I believe there is one spirit living many lives.

The human population of the world is steadily increasing, so that the Earth now has 7 billion people. But in the past there were far fewer people. So, my question is: where did all the extra souls come from? As the population continues to increase, are new souls being created all the time? Or is there a store of spare souls somewhere, ready to be put into new bodies?
If you shine a light behind a piece of paper and start poking holes in that paper, and that paper is infinite, how many points of light can you create?

Once again, I thank the theists in advance for your help on this question.
Not a problem, James.
 
If you shine a light behind a piece of paper and start poking holes in that paper, and that paper is infinite, how many points of light can you create?

A good number

But what about the light (souls) that hit the paper and never pass through to be created?

:)
 
Musika:

One more question occurs to me. Hypothetically, let's suppose that scientists manage undeniably to create life from non-life in a lab tomorrow. Would you then give up on your belief in the soul as the "spark of life"?
Sure

Or would you say that somehow the scientists had encouraged one of those "spare" souls that are floating around in the ether to enter the lifeform they created?
The general principle is that life emerges from life.

If it were to become commonplace for scientists to produce "custom organisms" in the lab, from scratch, would that in any way impact your belief in souls? I'm assuming that the scientists would have a recipe that says, in effect, "Start with non-living incredients A, B and C. Put them together in this particular way. Now you have a living thing, X." If this works every time, and clearly it is based on some underlying scientific theory of why A, B and C leads to X, what then for the soul?
It would have to be distinct from simply fiddling with pre-existing forms of life and its systems of reproduction.

Or do you assume that this scenario will prove to be impossible (because only God has power over life and death, or similar reason)?
Creating life from matter has enjoyed popular speculation for many hundreds of years. If you look at it during its ebbs and flows, moments of expectation of it being unlocked in the very near future seem to only unlock bigger problems. So there is an ironic sense of advancement running alongside a perennial fruitlessness
 
All interesting statements in science are theories, not facts, if by "fact" you mean a direct observation. Scientific theories are inductive. They reason from the raw "facts" to generalised conclusions.

It sounded as though it was both true, and scientifically factual.
I just wanted to know, from him, if that was the case.

Does this help you?

No.
My questions weren't directed at you.

jan.
 
Are you killing those souls or do they just languish behind the paper and never get a body?

:)
You are equating them with independence from the source. If you could live 7 billion times and more, would it matter if some never happened? :biggrin:
 
Creating life from matter has enjoyed popular speculation for many hundreds of years. If you look at it during its ebbs and flows, moments of expectation of it being unlocked in the very near future seem to only unlock bigger problems. So there is an ironic sense of advancement running alongside a perennial fruitlessness
Doesn't matter. It's at least theoretically possible, and you can't say that it's impossible. What has been accomplished so far also has little bearing on whether it can be done at some point. But I expect it wouldn't have any impact on religious thinking, since faith is independent of truth or facts.
 
Musika:


Are you saying that the soul has no independent agency, then?

Jan Ardena would have it that your soul is you, and that without your soul there would be no conscious you. Both you and he say that you believe that souls migrate from one body to another, retaining some ongoing essence of a person that defies the death of a physical body.

Now you speak as if the soul is merely a passenger in a body, with no ability to affect anything in the body, at least as far as causing action goes. Like clothes, the soul is merely an adjunct, with no independent agency.

What does this soul of yours do, in practical terms? From what you have written, I get the impression that the soul's one and only role is to provide a "spark of life" to a body. You assume that without a soul there is no life. Or, to put it another way, it seems to me that when you say "soul" you are using it essentially as a synonym for "life essence" or some equivalent metaphysical concept. Is that correct?
In the analogy, the article of clothing is the body, and the body is the soul. The soul "wears" bodies. The soul is the most intimate source of agency and identity.

The nuts and bolts of how life animates matter. Using the language of physics to explain life consistently falls flat on its face at a certain point.

I'm inclined to disagree. I doubt that there are many biologists, for example, who think that the processes of life cannot be reduced, at the lowest level, to chemistry, then physics. This is not to say that the organisation of biological systems is not immensely complex. Chemists and biologists are specialists with special expertise, but that does not mean that chemistry and biology aren't grounded in physics.
Biologists/psychologists have a whole bevy of tools they can use for investigation and analysis of their subjects, that physicists can't. I am not talking about a mere inter-disciplinary variation. I am talking about a completely different world view that has no need to be obedient or even subscribe to the reductionist views of physicists, and still remain "good science". Granted, physics has revolutionized science, but there is no need for psychologists/biologists to come to the end of untangling the hubris that surrounds reductionist views of life in order to function as effective biologists .... and by the same token, physicists also don't have to meet the same ends to function in their fields.

You just told me that souls have no agency, did you not?
No, you misunderstood the analogy

I don't think I understand how this example is relevant to your argument. Probably I don't understand why you think this example is a good analogy for the soul in a body. Could you explain further?
Interrupting the electrical flow produces certain behaviour in a light bulb (it goes dim or extunguishes). However, the same behaviour can be mimicked with constant electrical flow by altering the light bulb (so it goes dim or extinguishes).
In the same way, attributing the "lights" of the body to physical correlation in no way establishes life as physically emergent.
When the electricity is cut, fiddling with the bulb has no effect. By the same token, "when our lights go out", fiddling with the body won't turn them back on.

This is why I get the impression that you believe that a soul is a magical "spark of life".

If your view is that having a soul merely means that something is alive, then I have no particular issue with that view. You can call "life" a "soul" if you want to; it doesn't particular bother me if you prefer to use a circumlocution instead of talking directly about what you want to talk about.
Being alive is the symptom of the soul. Its no more "magical" than attributing sunshine to the rising sun.

But I'm fairly sure, based on other things that you have written, that you actually believe that a soul is more than a mere "spark of life". In particular, you said you believed in reincarnation, which implies a continuity of an individual soul from one life to the next.

I agree with you that whether something is alive or dead is detectable, as a general principle. Of course, there are many marginal cases where we could argue the question "Is it alive?" But let's stick to talking about human beings, who are usually fairly clearly either alive or dead.

If "the soul" is merely a substitute term for "living", then "the soul" is detectable. On the other hand, if the same soul is supposed to migrate from one body to another, then I'd say that is completely undetected - and undetectable, as far as I am aware. Correct me if I'm wrong.
The soul has no qualitative connection to matter. Granted we now experience life through the medium of matter, but that occurs through a superior agency ... I think we touched on that briefly in your "what does God do" thread.
The animating force of life is not a material element, hence it doesnt appear in the purview of instruments that record matter.

My concern is with how the rubber meets the road when it comes to your "transcendent" soul.
That discussion involves understanding God. IOW investigating ourselves requires an investigation of God. I understand that you have limited resources of patience in this regard, so I will try and keep it brief and entertaining.

Perhaps its like the life of a nerd who takes shelter of computer games to compensate for their poor social skills. The computer and the game are manufactured by "superior agencies" IRL(the nerd neither manufactured or designed it nor powers it). The nerd is also IRL. The games they play are based on themes and narratives and events IRL. The computer and associated components are IRL But because the nerd has some reservation about real life in regards to their identity or role, they spend all their time controlling a pixelated avatar that is designed, facilitated and maintained by superior agency, IRL. In the state of such immersion, they experience (a shadow) of the full gamut of human experience through the trials and tribulations of a series of pixelated avatars. The pixels are real, the computer is real. The nerd is real (and of course real life, the very medium on which the game is based, is real). The grief and jubilation the nerd feels on account of the exploits of various avatars is real. Yet the only part that is not real is the nerds identification with the avatar. Actually they are not the avatars (that they are controlling through the arrangement of superior agencies). IOW the rubber meets the road through the medium of illusion.

Assuming Jan's position, my question is how the desires or plans of the soul are translated into action in the physical world. What is the chain of causes that goes from the soul wanting to raise the arm, through to the arm being raised?
To get back to the computer nerd, if they desire to move the avatar in a particular way, it is orchestrated by superior agency IRL ... on a very elementary level, from the company providing electricity, to the keyboard and computer manufacturer ... to the more refined, immediate level, namely the game manufacturer who set the rules for playability, etc. Throughout all of this, the nerd is but a disempowered seer, who can merely desire. We are in a position of being unlimitedly limited

... con't
 
con't ....

You complain that I am demanding a "material mechanism". The raising of an arm is a material action, with undeniable material causes, up to a point. If we cannot trace material causes back to the soul that you posit, then at some point in the chain there must be a "trancendent" cause of a material effect. But how would that work? I imagine the best you can come up with is that's it's an unknowable magical mystery given by God, or something equivalent. I don't find that particularly satisfactory, but I assume it works for you.
My point has been that its the nature of life that it doesnt leave a material fingerprint to trace, so to speak.
There is nothing wrong with curiousity ... infact you could say the primary purpose of this world is for the living entity to flesh out their curiousities. As such, it has numerous pursuits designed for the express purpose of engaging people for eternity (if that is the direction of their determination).

Can you analyze the world of matter to enter in to a deeper understanding of things? Sure, the world is your unlimited oyster.
Can you come to the point of materially isolating a transcendent cause? You would have better chances of locating a missing submarine in your kitchen sink.

In case you're not clear on why I'm not satisfied with the soul (or God) magic, it's because as soon as you introduce magic like that, real understanding stops right there. All you can do is to have faith that, somehow, God makes it all happen. And I don't want to have to accept that something as basic as raising my arm can't be explained without invoking the magic of an unevidenced deity.
If the idea of God destroys your curiousity about the world, I would argue that you weren't primarily curious about the world at the onset.

I wouldn't. I don't much like the idea of living in that kind of world. In such a world, human beings are reduced to impotent puppets of the transcendent processes which we can never hope to understand. I have better hopes for human potential than that. It's a depressing and fatalistic kind of world view.
There is nothing impotent about transcendence ... on the contrary, its the predictable constraints of matter that relegate one to impotency.

As for never hoping to understand, that only becomes the maxim for as long as one's determination is facing the wrong way (which, I agree, would be depressing).

Of course, I admit that this objection is purely philosophical and is based on my own personal values, just as your position is purely based on your philosophical world view. Neither of us can be proven wrong.
In the pure sense of the word, its only through philosophy that you can approach substantial truths.
 
(continued...)


That's not exactly true. A lot is known at a high level of detail about these mechanisms you speak of. We know about electricity and chemistry. We know about how those things work in nervous systems and the brain. We know which neurons are firing in the brain.
Its a case of more answers providing more questions. Calling it "a high level of detail" is merely relative to previous levels, while the essential questions remain.

I really don't know how you can say that. I put my explanation of raising my arm in terms of neurons firing, muscles contracting in response, etc. etc. I can describe the chemical and electric processes in the neurons to a fine level of detail.

In contrast, your "soul" explanation for how my arm is raised takes us precisely nowhere. It starts and ends with "God does it, somehow". I'd say that it is you who is not in the least bit equipped to meaningfully discuss what processes occur, not me.
It was more your reference to the brain, with a vague suggestion of electricity correlating to memories/desire, etc, where things become meaningless. All you are doing is refining the point of location without any real ability to identify the processes involved beyond crude terms that do not deliver anything meaningful (meaningful in the sense of establishing life as some sort of materially reducible phenomena). As far as the mechanism of a spasmodically jerking arm goes, you don't even require that it be attached to a body.

How do you ever hope to make any progress in understanding?
I would argue that progressing in an understanding occurs at the rate of properly formatted Qs and As. If you are advocating that life is an emergent property of matter as the basis for excluding a view that life itself has some independent agency, I would expect you would have better access to a thorough breakdown of parts and functions.

In my world, it is not rational to believe in things for which there is no evidence.
In my world, it is not rational to believe in certain claims being evidenced by epistemologies that have inherent limitations, or to misuse epistemologies so that they become compromised vehicles of knowledge.

Rationality, by definition, implies that one has demonstrably good reasons to believe things.
Precisely.

I appreciate that your belief in souls hinges on the idea that there must be something special that gives living things the "spark of life". Probably you would argue that because science can't (yet) definitively explain life, therefore you have reason to appeal to the transcendent for an explanation. I don't regard that as a good reason to believe in souls - at least not with all the religious baggage that goes along with also believing in reincarnation etc, as you do.
The fact that you included the word (yet) is evidence that you are misusing empirical epistemology.
Its entire strength and credibility lies in not writing post-dated cheques.


You appear to be saying that I need transcendent tools to discover the nature of transcendent reality.
Yes.
Or at the very least, material tools cannot approach a transcendent reality.

I suppose if I had a magical God sense like Jan says he has, and which I suspect you also think you have, then I might be able to get to where you are.

Unfortunately, I seem to lack that, and so I have only the evidence of my mundane senses to help me.
On the contrary you are already there.
Borrowing from the credibility of empiricism to foist your beliefs already entails quite a bit of magic.

No. As I wrote in another thread, from the point of view of science, it's okay not to know, right here and right now. There's no need to pretend that we understand what causes life, as people who believe in souls do.
Yes, that is the point of view of science.
Whether you embody such a view is debatable ... or to be fair, whether it is humanly possible to maintain such a position as a perimeter to contain all one's ideas and beliefs about the world is debatable.

We can just continue to chip away at the problem, using tools that have proven time and again to yield productive and progressive insights.
Sure.
The world is your oyster.

Science isn't based on authority, unlike religion.
..... well, that's probably a thread unto itself ... but I do agree that at least the original instutions of science grew out of a pure empirical curiousity to observe and investigate.

No. I've said I currently see no evidence of transcendent agencies in our world, and I see no need to invoke any such agency to explain anything that I do see in the world.
Yes, but until you can explain why one would expect transcendent claims to be materially identifiable you are talking about nothing but your belief that we live in a world bereft of transcendent agencies (aka Atheism 101)


That's right. The idea is constructed specifically so as to be immune to empiricism.
Inasmuch as a kitchen sink is not designed to house a nuclear submarine.
Bringing the right epistemology to the right problem is basically the essence of philosophy.

The very word "transcendent" that you keep using gives the game away. It implies that there are things that are literally beyond human understanding. The only way to believe that such things exist is to give up on reason, because reason is something that leads to understanding. The substitute is faith - belief in that which is unseen.
.... and your equating "transcendent" with "beyond human understanding" and "the abandonment of reason" gives your game away.
I am not saying the kitchen sink (aka empiricism) is useless. I am saying it is limited and bringing it to questions of a certain scale is foolishness.

Science is the study of the natural world. It is understood that there are persons who see science as irrelevant, because they regard "transcendence" as far more important than mere facts and reason. Those people inevitably end up saying more about politics and ideology than science.
The problem is that you periodically hijack the authority of science, moving away from mere observation of the natural world, for the sake of foisting your beliefs ... that's when it becomes politics and approach the topic with an inbuilt false dichotomy ("ok boys, its science or religion. Whats it gonna be?").

No matter whose crowd is bigger, it is best not to give up on thinking for yourself. I hope you agree.
Sure.
 
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Doesn't matter. It's at least theoretically possible, and you can't say that it's impossible. What has been accomplished so far also has little bearing on whether it can be done at some point. But I expect it wouldn't have any impact on religious thinking, since faith is independent of truth or facts.
I guess if one can't differentiate science from science fiction, this will be a difficult subject to approach.
 
You are equating them with independence from the source. If you could live 7 billion times and more, would it matter if some never happened? :biggrin:

Not answering the question but have not got time at the moment to unpack

May come back but really this thread is boring for a single aspect item

Lots of aspects in a god thread but this????

:)
 
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