vincent28uk said:
BY THE WAY DID YOU FIND OUT IF A SINGLE MUSLIM HAS INVENTED ANYTHING EVEN THE POGO STICK WOULD BE BETTER THAN NOTHING
i suggest reading the news:
http://arabnews.com/?page=21§ion=0&article=49162&d=2&m=8&y=2004
also, to make a small list:
-modern science; read Durant, Sarton, Goldstein, Briffault, Tannery, Renan, etc.
-11th century Biruni wrote over 200 books on emprimentation; many times those by Galileo & Newton combined.
-the fact that the earth revoles around the sun and not the other way around; copernicus did not make this discovery in 16th century, was known by At-Tusi in the 14th century.
-the telescope; invented by Ibn Al-Haythem and further developed by Ibn Firnas.
-modern chemistry labs and experiments, burners, ladles, etc; read Durant, Mathes, Bernal, Dampier, Humboldt, etc. As a matter of fact, Lavoisier's writing was highly based on, and even quotes, Al-Jabr's Chemical Compositions.
-purified alcohol.
-the first mention of geological formations; wasnot Desmarest, 1756 but by Ibn Sina & Al-Biruni in the 11th century.
-Kerosene and frational distillation; read encyclopadia britannica.
-Many of Leonardo Da Vince geological finds in the 16th century were pointed out by Al-Biruni in the 11th centruy (fossils, watery orinigns of the earth, etc).
-Columbus quoted from texts of Ibn-Rushd.
-Trigonometery; read Durant or De Vaux.
-Logarithms; not founded by 1614 by Napier, but by Al-Khwarizmi in 13th century.
-Using algebra to solve geometrical problems; not by Descartes in 17th century, but by Thabit bin Qurrah and Abu'l wafa in 10th century.
-Binomial Theory; studied by Umar Khayyam in 10th or 11th century, 600 years prior to Newton.
-You are still using arabic numerals today (no reference needed).
-Blood circulation; Ibn Zuhr made this claim in his "the heart: a one way pump" in the 10th century, later developed by Al-Nafis in the 13th century, further developed by Ibn Al-Quff in the 14th century. Later "discovered" by William Harvey in the 17th century.
-Pharmacopoeia; read Phillip Hitti.
-Pathology; Ibn Zuhr, Az-Zahrawi, Al-Quff, An-Nafis, many before Giovanni Morgagni.
-Physician forceps; earliest documentation showed Az-Zawahri used several types in Spain in the 10th century long before Peter Chamberlen in the 17th century.
-Anesthesia; Paracelsus quoted Ibn-Sina's texts. Ibn-Sina developed the administration of opium extracts.
-Bending of light; Al-Haythem first bent light through glass in the 11th century. He was leter quoted by Galileo and Newton.
-Preliminary flight; Ibn-Firnas studied, constructed and tested model flying machines and aerodnamics in 800AD spain. Roger Bacon and Da Vinci have been documented to using his texts for further flight development.
need more?
now, i dont expect you to believe anything i write, as you reject any mention of muslim scholars (evident by the language and nature/intent of your posts). but i urge you to read, read, read. your local library will have books, texts, documentation of everything mentioned above.
i am not saying muslims discovered/invented/studied everything or anything. all cultures/civilizations contributed to the advancement. in reality it is an unfair statement to even say muslim scholars. because it does not mean that if they were not muslims they wouldnt have done what they did.
but this a response to your question that you have so pressed for an answer. there you have it.....an answer.
vincent.........WWJD?