Yazata
There's clearly more than one meaning of 'chaos' in play here. One has 'chaos' meaning the opposite of order. The other has 'chaos' referring to non-linear dynamics.
Yes, there is the Chaos scientists study and apply, that has been demonstrated to be a part of this Universe and then there is whatever wynn thinks it means. Since this is a science forum isn't it logical to stick to the first? It is scientists she is trying to denigrate for the concept, after all and if she is trying to say we've got it wrong it is up to her to understand the scientific concept, unless she is arguing a strawman(a dishonest tactic, if that is what she is doing).
Somebody might want to argue for the stronger metaphysical thesis that all instances of chaos in the first sense are reducible to and explainable in terms of chaos in the second sense. But that's going to require a lot of argument.
And the effort would be wasted, given the history of refusal to understand in this instance.
It seems to me that it's more likely that the two uses of 'chaos' are kind of analogical. Applied mathematicians were reminded of the conventional meaning of 'chaos' when they realized that simple functions could generate unpredictable and potentially infinitely complex graphs.
That doesn't necessarily imply that all examples of seeming disorder in the physical world are really examples of these nonlinear dynamical functions at work. Some might be and doubtless many others aren't. In some cases A and B will simply have no causal connection at all and their behavior will be independent.
As I pointed out several pages ago, the Universe is not inherently chaotic, it follows the laws of the Universe every time. The appearance of chaos comes from OUR inability to specify initial conditions with sufficient accuracy, even in a relatively simple system such as a three body problem. Very slight differences between what we measure and those initial conditions leads to very different outcomes than those predicted without consideration of these effects.
But the thing is, all this talk kind of misses Wynn's earlier point (if I understood it correctly). Wynn isn't questioning whether there's some physical dynamical principles underlying all physical events. Wynn seems to be suggesting instead that the abstract principles of mathematical physics don't have any meaning or emotional resonance for human beings.
So? Science isn't concerned with how you feel about the facts, it is only concerned with finding out what the facts are. Believe anything you like if it makes you feel better, but don't try to claim such beliefs as being reality. Personally, I find that knowing the Universe as it really is is quite emotionally satisfying. Far preferable to believing things that are demonstrably false just because it feels better to do so.
Imagine putting a huge bomb inside some human artifact, somebody's house let's say. Then we blow that house into a million tiny bits, scattered around more or less at random. We can say, with a great deal of justification, that we've reduced the house to chaos. (We've certainly boosted its entropy to such a point that continued use of the word 'house' to describe it is probably unjustified.)
Arguing that the motion of every single explosion fragment was totally governed by the laws of physics might be entirely true, but that fact isn't going to give the pile of rubble very much meaning to the family that used to live there. It's not their home any longer, it's not their familiar place where they could all go and be together after a hard day.
I think that's what Wynn was getting at. Wynn was wondering if atheists can really live their lives as if the events taking place all around them are just mechanical clockwork, mathematical functions working themselves out, meaningless in human terms, devoid of purposes and intentions and values.
My own answer might be rather different than Wynn's would be, but it's obviously a serious question.
Does it change anything? The house is now a chaotic mess either way. And yes, from experience I know that you can live your life knowing that everything is caused by phisical laws, you just have to operate in a different mode when the effect on people is the consideration because you are no longer talking about the reality of the Universe, but about social interactions. Wynn's problem is she seems to think the two unrelated things are one and the same. They are not.
The Universe has no evident purpose, it has no intent, it has no value judgements. These things come from intelligence and apply to things those intelligences do or think, she is trying to apply the characteristics intelligences have to a Universe they do not apply to.
Grumpy