Usurper.
that's off topic and makes even less sense in the context than your usual usage of it.
Usurper.
Uh, I addressed you asking for clarification about religious free speech, and then you tell me that it is not a valid question. You go even further and ask about beady eyes and horns on Jews. Of course, you forgot hook nose.
Uh, can you tell me how this is a reply to what I wrote? You previously responded to me with this..
And I responded to what I thought you were saying. Now you just want to talk about Jews having horns?
Huston? Invoking the Grand High Witch, are you?
Do you know what relevance your response had to what I wrote?
This is true, but not polytheistic in its essence. I consider it a point of tolerance.
"Devil worshiper" is slightly different from an idol worshipper.
The reality is:
I AM THE LORD THY GOD - I AM ONE - THERE IS NO OTHER.
Although, were I to say "I AM PHIL GELBSTEIN THY DENTIST - I AM ONE - THERE IS NO OTHER!" that does not suggest that there is only one dentist in the world. It does suggest that there are no other dentists named Phil Gelbstein who look after your teeth.
Similarly, were my wife to say "I AM THY WIFE, THOU SHALT HAVE NO OTHER WOMEN BEFORE ME!" The statement only makes sense because there *are* other women out there and I might two-time my wife with one or more of those other women. If my wife were the only woman on Earth, then her command would be met with an "uh, duh!" from me.
I always took the statement to be in reference to a proscription against worshipping false gods, with, of course, some degree of overstatement on God's part.
That said "Elohim" is, by the rules of Hebrew, a plural noun that the Torah otherwise uses as if it were singular. The obvious implication is that the singular "God" has some plural nature (which, as we all know, is because God is one and singular—but comprises the Holy Trinity).
In Canaanite (Ugaritic) mythology, meanwhile, "Yahweh" was one of the seventy sons of the god "El". El divided the world into regions, one for El himself and one for each of his seventy sons. Then in the "Table of Nations" in Genesis 10-11, the world is mentioned as being divided into 70 nations (with Israel left unmentioned, so 71 total). That story is also very similar to Deuteronomy 32:8-9, which many scholars say uses the Table of Nations as a backdrop, and reads:
When God Most High (El-Elyon) gave nations their land,
when he divided the descendants of Adam,
he set up borders for the tribes
corresponding to the number of the sons of God (bene elohim)./1
But the Lord’s (Yahweh's) people were his property.
Jacob was his own possession.
Deuteronomy 32:8-9 actually makes a lot of sense if you see it as version of the old Ugaritic story refering to the nations identified in the Table of Nations. That said, the Ugaritic legend was expressly polytheistic, with each of the divine entities having control over a region.
/1 There is a debate over whether the text should read "sons of God" or "sons of Israel" (bene yisrael). The latter is based on the Masoretic text of the book, and the former is seen in texts from Qumran and in the Dead Sea Scrolls amongst others, but there is no clear authority that sets one text over the other as more authoritative, save for custom.
-------
To be fair, some treatments (which so agree that the correct version of the text is indeed "sons of God"), reject the notion that one must see the passage as some acknowledgment of Israelite polytheism (although I think those still mostly if not all acknowledge that there is a Ugaritic influence in play). See, for example, Michael Heiser's "Deuteronomy 32:8 and the Sons of God"
This thread is still going on? This is absurd, I propose a mosque should be built right on ground zero itself, literally. I also think it should be called the Osama bin Laden Institute of Islamic Studies. There, now you have something to actually bitch about it. Continue.
These are bogus things from some sources. 'EL' = high one; sir; lord; big boss; the reason it is employed in the Hebrew as an authetnic, contemporary word of this region. Canaan, like Egypt, was never monotheistic, had no written books, while the Hebrew texts says the Israelites re-entered Canaan with the five Mosaic books in hand - after intriducing liberty and inalieanable human rights before a super power Egypt. Unless you can show the writings you present is pre-Hebrew. My bet is you cannot.
Not that I expect you to agree, given your obviously deep faith in Judaism, but okay...
Initially, the Hebrew language is clearly a Canaanite language, as is Ugaritic, so it may not be correct to think of them as completely separate. In fact it is probably wrong to think that the Ugarit was a direct influence on ancient Hebrews. Rather Ugarit is representative of what Canaanites believed from the 15th to 12th centuries BC, and the ancient Hebrews were in fact Canaanites, so began in a similar place and evolved over time.
There is no conclusive date in which the Torah was written that we know of, though some suggest it may have been written between 1400 and 1200 BC. That, however is speculation that assumes the Torah is true and its dates accurate. The earliest extant "paleo-Hebrew" that I know of is the Gezer calendar from the 10 century BC, and Hebrew writing developed further after that stage, as it was not then in its modern form.
Ugaritic has existed in written form from the 15th century BC (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaritic_language) and Ugarit fell some time before the Gezer calendar was created (likely at the end of the 13th century BC or thereabout). Plus, and perhaps more importantly there is ample scholarship suggesting that the Israelites are largely descended from Canaanites and most are not (as the Torah suggests) immigrants into the region that came out of Egypt (granted some may have, although there is no strong evidence for it).
There is no reason to think that Canaanite religion and culture are separate from the paleo-Hebrew religion and culture, rather, it may have been a drifting apart of two traditions over time that nonetheless still manages to hold onto certain common religious memes.
It is not my area of expertise, but one very good treatment was Mark S. Smith's The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel’s Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts, from Oxford University Press, 2001. It describes in the birth of Yahweh cults in the context of Canaanite religion predating Israel and Judah, but in the same region and argues that the Jewish monotheism evolved among local Canaanites (particularly those who were initially gathered in the southern Levant highlands) worship of a local patron deity which local rulership was later parlayed into Yahweh's being thought of as the sole true deity. The process was a slow evolution that essentially led from "my patron god is more powerful than your god" to "my patron god is the only god of any real power" to "my patron god is the only real god."
Artifacts in the Torah, like the two separate stories of creation in Genesis, the pluralization of Elohim, and the conflation of Elohim and Yahweh. Then represent an effort by biblical authors to synthesize related but slightly different religious traditions that were still in practice around the time the Torah was written.
A brief summary of the verdict on the Ayodhya title suit and the three individual verdicts of judges are as follows:
A brief summary
Verdict of Sudhir Agarwal
GIST OF THE FINDINGS by Justice S U Khan
1. The disputed structure was constructed as mosque by or under orders of Babar.
2. It is not proved by direct evidence that premises in dispute including constructed portion
belonged to Babar or the person who constructed the mosque or under whose orders it was constructed.
3. No temple was demolished for constructing the mosque.
4. Mosque was constructed over the ruins of temples which were lying in utter ruins since a very long time before the construction of mosque and some material thereof was used in construction of the mosque.
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5. That for a very long time till the construction of the mosque it was treated/believed by Hindus that some where in a very large area of which premises in dispute is a very small part birth place of Lord Ram was situated, however, the belief did not relate to any specified small area within that bigger area specifically the premises in dispute.
6. That after some time of construction of the mosque Hindus started identifying the premises in dispute as exact birth place of Lord Ram or a place wherein exact birth place was situated.
7. That much before 1855 Ram Chabutra and Seeta Rasoi had come into existence and Hindus were worshipping in the same. It was very very unique and absolutely unprecedented situation that in side the boundary wall and compound of the mosque Hindu religious places were there which were actually being worshipped along with offerings of Namaz by Muslims in the mosque.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ayodhya-verdict-a-brief-summary/690684/
2. We have five alphabetical Hebrew books, which appeared suddenly and in an already advanced form of literary levels - where are the books you say predates the Hebrew? All that is clung to are some stray marks which they say resemble the Hebrew - that's it!
3. The Hebrew texts says, stated incidently and not in a focused mode, the five books were completed before returning to Canaan: do you think those Israeltes were trying to lie here - for what purpose?[/qyuote]
There is no good archeological evidence that suggests there was ever an exodus as described in the Bible, and so really no objective reason to believe there was a "return" to Canaan. There is "faith" and I respect that you have that, and there is "tradition", but neither should be expected to convince non-believers in Judaism.
I would not call the Torah a "lie" however. It was likely a compilation and synthesis of a number of different religious stories, woven together to provide a coherent and single national myth for its believers. The Kalevala or the Poems of Ossian were the same thing (alough those are now known to have been constructed specificially to take the role of the "national epic" or something similar. The point was to provide a sense of unity in a national mythology, and many mythologies were used to that end.
The Torah speaks of a time when Noah faces a worldwide flood, and built a ship big enough to save all tehe animals on Earth. It's not a lie, just a legend. (It is also a legend that seems distinctly related to other legends of even older religions. From a sociological point of view this makes sense, since you would expect Judaism to have evolved from older religions.)
4. Canaan was a vasal state of Egypt - the reason they rejected Israel's return. But Egypt too never spoke Hebrew - nor did any other nations.
I buy that no one else spoke Hewbrew except the Hebrews...that is why we call it "Hebrew", but in fact many people in and around what became thought of as Canaan spoke languages that were very similar. Hebrew didn't evolve in Egypt, it evolved in and amongst the Canaanite speakers (and the Canaanite family of languages, including Hebrew, emerged from a grouping referred to as the "Northwest Semitic" languages. In a very natural process certain local variations appeared within a population, and that became Hebrew. Another branch became Ugaritic. Yet another became Phoenecian.
5. The text appears 100% correct the Hebrew bible was written in the deserts as stated, in between Egypt and Canaan: this is affirmed by the vacuum of Hebrew in both these states; none of them could have given writings to the Hebrew.
There is no evidence that there was an exodus and therefore certainly none that the Torah was written during the exodus. In fact there is good archeological evidence that shows the development of written Hewbrew, in Canaan, and that evidence suggests that written Hewbrew was not well developed at the time the Torah says the exodus occurred. So, assuming there was an exodus, and assuming the Torah was written during it, we can cnclude that the Torah was not originally written in Hebrew (in a proper sense), because written Hebrew seems to have developed after that.
All of that is subject to the usual caveats regarding the archeology of ancient cultures, which means that it is possible that our current understanding could be radicalluy altered by future finds, but it seems very clear that the Hebrew alphabet was developed after Ugarit fell.
The notion the Canaanites knew Hebrew before the Israelites is totally disproven by the vacuum of any such evidence.
The Canaanites (which includes the Hebrews) did not speak "Hebrew", but rather a family of related earlier languages. One line of that family proke off and developed into Moabite, Hebrew and a few other tongues. Another branmch became Ugaritic. Yet another branch became Phoenician.
As for the evidence, it is there in the languages themselves. The similarities among them make more sense, by a long way, if you assume Hebrew developed in a natural way from existing languages in the Canaanite/Levant region rather than spontaneously developing out of thin air and more distantly related languages in Egypt.
7. The notion the Canaanites were destroyed in battle as a reason for this vacuum is also false: two of the non-Hebrew canaanite groups sided with Israel in that war, and remained active for 800 years after Joshua - no Canaanite books before or after.
I think you are misinformed. There was Canaanite literature. Not as much of it has survived, but it clearly exoisted. The Pheonicians were themselves Canaanites or a close offshoot and it was their alphabet that became the kernel of wesetrn alphabets. Again also, the Ugarit people were Canaanites and they also had literature.
From the Encyclopedia of Literature, by Josph Shipley, Volume 1, page 117-20:
"The creative period of Canaanite literature lies before 1000 BC. This is certainly true of Canaanite literature that has actually been recovered and is probable for the best of other Canaanite literature that there are good reasons for believing to have existed . . . .
. . . .
The literary treasures recovered from the library of [King] Niqmadd areb exclusively poetic. The three most important items are three epics....
. . . .
Canaanite poetry is of the utmost importance for the study of Hebrew poetry. The two are closely akin not only in language, but also in technique. . . . Of course Canannite literature was itself, like almost every other, indebted to foreign influences, notably Sumero-Accadian, Hurrian, and Egyptian.
. . . .
Psalm 29 in the Bible is demonstrably adapted from a Canaanite hymn. Again, it is well known that the 104th Pslam is modeled ultimately on the Hymn of Akhenaten...to the Sun; but the direct borrowers of that hymn are far more likely to have been Akhenaten's Canaanite subjects than the Israelites at any period in their history."
8. The Hebrew introduced the letter 'V' - which the Canaanite, Ugarit, Sumerian and Phoenecian do not possess. I never even studied rocket science.
Sir - its got nothing to do with religion or faith, only empirical logical thinking.
First of all, as I am interested in this sort of thing, source? So far as I know the letter vav was pronounced as a "w" originally and *is known* to have developed into a "v" sound only more recently (so recently that eastern jews wstill pronounce it like a "w". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_(letter)#Vav_as_consonant
Second, there is no incompatibility with a new language offshoot, like Hebrew branching off from canaanite, developig a new sound (particularly one single new sound). If new sounds sould never be introduced in the branching process, then either new sounds could never arise, or languages must not be related in an evolutionary sense in the way linguists believe.
I would go further, the Hebrews and related offshoots deeloped their own alphabet, as theirs was not in use by the Canaanites (although it is related to Phoenician), but that does not demonstrate anything. "Samaritan Hebrew" is closely related and it is known to have developed from "paleo-Hebrew", just as modern Hebrew did.
The Phoenician Alphabet is older than the Bible by best estimates, and why would the use of an alphabet be significant? The Sumerians also write the Epic of Gilgamesh WAY before the Bible was glint in its authors' eyes, and they also worked in cuneiform. Their stories, meanwhile can also be shown to be historical antecedents of much of what is in the Torah, like the Great Flood.there were no other alphabetical books around for some 800 years later.
There is no writings with more historical alignment than the Hebrew bible anywhere on the planet. No such creature exists.
That I will grant you, if only because I have no idea what "historical alignment" means in this context...so why not?
Actually, it does not matter to me which came first - the Hebrew appeared late in the ancient scene. But the evidence says the datings of the Ugarit has no back-up proof outside of Europe's datings of it - no historical factors like names, kings, dates, etc in that writings, as we see in the Hebrew.
The only back up for the existence of the dates established in that way is the mythology itself, and self-reference is no good way to establish dating. Archeology is a better way to determine more objective dating. If you follow Biblical dating, then some people lived for several centuries, and the first man appeared just a few thousand years ago, which science does not accept.
Recently, the premise of Hamurabi being older than the Hebrew has been totally overturned - so much for Europe's proof for the world. I say, come back when the land spits out real proof.
Okay, interesting again. Source?
This is again an absurd conclusion. Monotheism and canaanite beliefs are universes apart.
Not really. Not when you consider that the Canaanites believed that "local" deities rules over specified areas. In essence eacgh tribe hasd its own god that supposedly cared for them above all others. Having one patron god who considers you special gives you an interest in promoting that god's worship, and dniograting the power of any other. Yahweh can be thought of as the patron tribal deity of the Hebrews who simply took the notion of their God being the best god to the next level of being the "only" god. That is not that big a leap in several centuries in a world that is not highly integrated.
Those views are insane. There is no such word as Yahweh. This is a spelling by Christians of an anagram, like FBI pronounced as febi; or usa for U.S.A. The 4 letters are abbreviated by Jews to avoid mentioning a whole paragraph - it has nothing to do with Canaanites! You wont find any Hebrews or Jews mentioning that word ever.
And the Canaanite reference is also not to "Yahweh" which I admit is an Englishism for easier reading. Again, though, you are obviously ignorant of the literature on the subject, and it seems silly to refute me with these pathetic arguments if you won't bother to learn not *only* the biblical view, but the view of scolars (Jewish and otherwise) who have found evidence of Cannanite Yahweh cults that developed into, played a part in--however you prefer to think of it--early Jewish religious thought.
Suckers!
Obviously you don't believe that this the origin of the Biblical story, but that is your choice. In my opinion, you are blinded by dogma to the truth, and in yours I am blinded by lies. To each his own. I can lead a horse to water, but I cannot make him drink.
There are no datable copies of the Torah--the book (actually scrolls)--the 2nd century BC, and only in fragments.
That said, it is generally beleived that the bulk of the Tanach was compiled and wriotten down originally before 590 BC...but those copies did not survive.
So did the Torah appear "suddenly"? Not according to the historical record, in which fragments found start in the 2nd century BC and keep accumulating over time.
Where are the "books" that predate the Hebrew? Well, the clay tablets that spell out the Ba'al Cycle--in an advanced form of Ugaritic of literary levels--date to about the 12th century BC, hundreds of years before the Torah (again, unless you assume the Torah is correct in its own dating of itself, which could put it as early as 1450 BC or thereabouts, but I don't see any reason to assume the religious interpretation of its dates are superior to the archeological estimates that put it between the 8th and 6th century BC).
Ugaritic is a uniquely hybrid early writing system similar to the Hebrew alphabet, in that it basically represents consonants. The difference is that the letters were written not in script but in wedge shapes with a stylus on clay tablets. This form of writing the alphabet was thus a formal imitation of the better-known Babylonian writing of Mesopotamia. Above is a drawing of the original text that tells the tale of how the god El holds a big feast at which he becomes drunk. The story is appended with medical instructions at the end, which Pardee interprets as a hangover cure.
http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/030206/ugarit.shtml
3. The Hebrew texts says, stated incidently and not in a focused mode, the five books were completed before returning to Canaan: do you think those Israeltes were trying to lie here - for what purpose?
I would not call the Torah a "lie" however. It was likely a compilation and synthesis of a number of different religious stories,
woven together to provide a coherent and single national myth for its believers. The Kalevala or the Poems of Ossian were the same thing (alough those are now known to have been constructed specificially to take the role of the "national epic" or something similar. The point was to provide a sense of unity in a national mythology, and many mythologies were used to that end.
The Torah speaks of a time when Noah faces a worldwide flood, and built a ship big enough to save all tehe animals on Earth. It's not a lie, just a legend. (It is also a legend that seems distinctly related to other legends of even older religions. From a sociological point of view this makes sense, since you would expect Judaism to have evolved from older religions.)
I buy that no one else spoke Hewbrew except the Hebrews...that is why we call it "Hebrew", but in fact many people in and around what became thought of as Canaan spoke languages that were very similar. Hebrew didn't evolve in Egypt, it evolved in and amongst the Canaanite speakers (and the Canaanite family of languages, including Hebrew, emerged from a grouping referred to as the "Northwest Semitic" languages. In a very natural process certain local variations appeared within a population, and that became Hebrew. Another branch became Ugaritic. Yet another became Phoenecian.
There is no evidence that there was an exodus and therefore certainly none that the Torah was written during the exodus.
In fact there is good archeological evidence that shows the development of written Hewbrew, in Canaan, and that evidence suggests that written Hewbrew was not well developed at the time the Torah says the exodus occurred. So, assuming there was an exodus, and assuming the Torah was written during it, we can cnclude that the Torah was not originally written in Hebrew (in a proper sense), because written Hebrew seems to have developed after that.
it seems very clear that the Hebrew alphabet was developed after Ugarit fell.
The Canaanites (which includes the Hebrews) did not speak "Hebrew", but rather a family of related earlier languages. One line of that family proke off and developed into Moabite, Hebrew and a few other tongues. Another branmch became Ugaritic. Yet another branch became Phoenician.
if you assume Hebrew developed in a natural way from existing languages in the Canaanite/Levant region rather than spontaneously developing out of thin air and more distantly related languages in Egypt.
I think you are misinformed. There was Canaanite literature. Not as much of it has survived, but it clearly exoisted. The Pheonicians were themselves Canaanites or a close offshoot and it was their alphabet that became the kernel of wesetrn alphabets. Again also, the Ugarit people were Canaanites and they also had literature.
"The creative period of Canaanite literature lies before 1000 BC. This is certainly true of Canaanite literature that has actually been recovered and is probable for the best of other Canaanite literature that there are good reasons for believing to have existed . . . .
The literary treasures recovered from the library of [King] Niqmadd areb exclusively poetic. The three most important items are three epics....
. . . .
Canaanite poetry is of the utmost importance for the study of Hebrew poetry. The two are closely akin not only in language, but also in technique. . . . Of course Canannite literature was itself, like almost every other, indebted to foreign influences, notably Sumero-Accadian, Hurrian, and Egyptian.
Psalm 29 in the Bible is demonstrably adapted from a Canaanite hymn. Again, it is well known that the 104th Pslam is modeled ultimately on the Hymn of Akhenaten...to the Sun; but the direct borrowers of that hymn are far more likely to have been Akhenaten's Canaanite subjects than the Israelites at any period in their history."
First of all, as I am interested in this sort of thing, source? So far as I know the letter vav was pronounced as a "w" originally and *is known* to have developed into a "v" sound only more recently (so recently that eastern jews wstill pronounce it like a "w". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_(letter)#Vav_as_consonant
Second, there is no incompatibility with a new language offshoot, like Hebrew branching off from canaanite, developig a new sound (particularly one single new sound). If new sounds sould never be introduced in the branching process, then either new sounds could never arise, or languages must not be related in an evolutionary sense in the way linguists believe.
I would go further, the Hebrews and related offshoots deeloped their own alphabet, as theirs was not in use by the Canaanites (although it is related to Phoenician), but that does not demonstrate anything. "Samaritan Hebrew" is closely related and it is known to have developed from "paleo-Hebrew", just as modern Hebrew did.
The Phoenician Alphabet is older than the Bible by best estimates, and why would the use of an alphabet be significant? The Sumerians also write the Epic of Gilgamesh WAY before the Bible was glint in its authors' eyes, and they also worked in cuneiform. Their stories, meanwhile can also be shown to be historical antecedents of much of what is in the Torah, like the Great Flood.[/qipte]
The Gilgamsh is not as hold as previously stated, and is now seen as a conglomeration of other writings. This is not the case with the Hebrew, which has 55 alphabetical books in spaces 100 years apart, unfolding a thread of continueing history. The Phonecian is widely accepted as older, but when the proof tended is examined - it is not sustainable. The few stray, dubious examples, with no follow-up thread, is hardly a match to equate with the Hebrew.
That I will grant you, if only because I have no idea what "historical alignment" means in this context...so why not?
Simple: The mention of mount Ararat; contemporary cities and kings in Egypt; and ancient nations like the Moabites; Hitites; Medianites - the names of their kings and the wars they were involved in. This is historical and varied from head bashing dieties seen in the other writings you mentioned.
The only back up for the existence of the dates established in that way is the mythology itself, and self-reference is no good way to establish dating. Archeology is a better way to determine more objective dating. If you follow Biblical dating, then some people lived for several centuries, and the first man appeared just a few thousand years ago, which science does not accept.
Yes, unacceptable by today's standards. However, if this was a myth, it is a very foolish myth because it is easily refutable. So equally, the myth factor has problems here equally. It does not take a genius of rocket science to say this appears mythical - but the Hebrew writings is hardly a foolish book - in fact it rules the world today, including in forums debates like this one. We simply have no proof of life spans 5,500 years ago. But nor can I honestly explain this factor.
The stand out factor is that two of the world's biggest religions, which have been responsible for spreading historical accounts of an ancient period, have a vested interest in undermining the Hebrew - else they collapse in a heap. Moses is pushed as Muslim; Jesus is presented as a blonde Norwegian without a hooked nose, who spoke no Hebrew and had a latin name. And believe it or not - the world even accepts such grotesque BS. Go figure!
I think Muslims should remove their mosque from Jerusalem and up it to a more Islamic place. Not in India or NY either. No such thing as sacred Islaic soil based on robbery.
Keep bitching and we'll tear that wall down too. Masjids on every corner, we're taking over, what're you gonna do about it? Nothing, that's right.
"...
Saddam's Iraq is gone. The Mujaheddin's Afghanistan is gone. A mosque in NY isn't going to bring them back.