Depends on who you are asking. In my theory, particles are spheres that do not like to overlap. If they overlap, they scale down. But this allows other sphere to take advantage of this extra space, so they scale up. This is a cause, and effect situation that is circular. I found that the mathematics is circular (even spherical), and a particle will scale down until it becomes negative, then it will scale up negatively until it becomes positive. I believe that this is called ring mathematics. I developed this ring mathematics into something more like knot mathematics. Knot mathematics is like ring mathematics but works better with sphere. You get an electron orbit naturally, and you get the electron paths very accurately when energy is lost through entropy. The connected knots have very distinct paths that look like waves, but are particles. So...
The electron is a hole with a spin around it. Expand the hole, slow the spin, but expand the sphere. It's very difficult to do in your head. The best way to think about the change from positive no negative is to think of a bunch of basketballs cut in half. Now use those as imaginary particles. The convex faces bump one another, and are far apart. Convex to concave fit together like snake skin. Concave to concave also push apart, but are a bit more flexible. And to switch them around you just squeeze on the basketball, and turn it inside out. This is such a close analogy of the physics that you can use it as a template.
EDIT: I have just found on Wikipedia that Knot Mathematics already exists. My version is different to that, so I will call it Kissing Knot Mathematics. My knots are energy dependant, so can be sometimes open ended, and sometimes closed ended.
