Can you paste those verses here? I think it might be a different verse in my Quran.
The ones in Sura 4 regarding dimished inheritance and legal value for women.
After the death of the Holy Prophet, some tribes left Islam and began hostilities against the Muslims already there.
This seems a bit specious. On whose word is this? Again: to be putting down
revolt in Iran, there first had to be
conquest. It is categorically impossible to have it only the one way.
The conquests that took place were to prevent the enemies of Islam from surrounding the countries and therefore being able to attack them from all sides.
The invasions were direct, linear conquests into North Africa and the Balkans. If anything, it was islam that was attacking from both sides. This point is rejected.
Not only that but to spread freedom of religion and conscience which was for a large part not that common then.
It was even less common in those countries once islam had conquered them, precisely as it is today.
The fact of the matter is that every major empire spreads and when the Islamic empire expanded, the people in those countries gained freedom of religion and conscience and more.
That is absurd in the extreme. The penalty for leaving islam is death. This is not likely to promote freedom of conscience.
After those countries were under Muslim rule they made significant progress and didn’t live in fear of their rulers.
Well, apparently not. They have made few advances, little improvement comparatively. In short: they have stagnated. "Didn't live in fear of their rulers"? Don't be absurd: they feared their islamic overlords as much or more than their old rulers.
Nowhere in Surah 9 does it say to oppress or kill innocent people.
Q 9: 29 "make them feel oppressed"
The Muslim Brotherhood was founded in 1928 and therefore has nothing to do with the Khalifa e Rashideen. In fact, in the time of the expansion of the Islamic empire, the Copts sided by the Muslims because they found them better and compassionate rulers.
Evidence? They seem to have changed their minds.
Why should I read their tafseer? I don’t even know who they are. If I want to read a tafsir I’ll read the tafseers of the great Imams and Mujaddids.
I think you'll find they cite the same sources you do. The MSA from USC are a good place to start.
Let’s get this straight: I am not defending the actions of any Muslim governments after the Khalifa e Rashideen and I am not bound by the actions of anyone except the Holy Prophet.
But it's Rashideen - the hated
Uthman - that we're discussing here, and his immoral conquest of other cultures. Central to your preferences, I'm focusing on him particularly.
Unfortunately, the Muslims, when the empire was falling apart, lost their religion and their knowledge.
Well, this may be: but Europe in the Renaissance was composed of no one empire, no overriding political entity. I don't think your comparison stands.