Is free will possible in a deterministic universe?

until that super clump of atoms learns how to make a choice...

So again I ask you how does the capacity to LEARN something impact on your assessment?

eg. a Gymnast learns to do what?
the act of learning is essential to an act of self determination...By ignoring the elephant in the room doesn't make it go away...

The ability to learn how to choose happens at what age in an human infant?

An earthworm can, if sufficiently motivated with heat lamps, eventually learn to crawl left instead of right.

Does it "choose" to crawl left instead of right? Or is it simply repeated stimulus/response adaptation?

The entire argument of this thread is that adapting does not necessarily mean it had any choice in the matter.

So earthworms are self-determining, because they adapted to take a different action, based on experience.
 
The squabbling isn't, on the whole, between the incompatibilist viewpoints. The discussion is primarily between compatibilists and incompatibilists, as one would expect when the subject of the thread is whether freewill and determinism are compatible. That is certainly the "squabbling" that this thread exemplifies.

Incompatibilism isn't a specific position on the reality of free will and/or the reality of determinism, and makes no allusions to be so (although I suppose some individuals might misunderstand it to be). As you say, it is three possible view points that are brought under a single moniker (primarily when discussing with the compatibilist), but that is not a reason in and of itself to denigrate their shared viewpoint, as you are doing, especially in a thread that is specifically to address not those differences between incompatibilist positions but the difference between the compatibilist and incompatibilist positions.

As I said, it's recreational. From the outset it selectively filters what "free will" is going to be in its game, and THAT is whatever will make it incompatible with determinism. The whole object is to invent an issue, to maintain a conflict. Whether it is the feuding between those basic offspring it engenders and subsumes or any next-level wrangling with rival brother compatibilism.

The folly is treating such a game too seriously, or at least as still important when outside of or not playing in its own artificial contrivances. The other pejorative "garbled" is intended in similar context. But recreations can no doubt seem serious and pregnant with importance when romping within their boundaries.

Something I stated earlier: "On the flip side, compatibilism becomes an unnecessary label once the folly of incompatibilism is dismissed. You don't need the fix-it tool of "no incongruity" if "incongruity" was an invented and garbled fabrication from the outset."

Even if this thread is compatibilism versus incompatiblism, one first has to touch upon how the latter spawns internal conflict with its own progeny before jumping to the next level of its cat-and-mouse with compatiblism. Compatibilism is dignifying incompatibilism by even designating itself with that label. Via that it slots as a reaction to the latter, and accordingly linking itself to that category or family. It might be better to say that compatibilism and incompatibilsm can be elevated together to a more inclusive hypernym or umbrella concept where they can be deemed as rival aspects of it, feuding with each other just as incompatibilism's own sub-members do.

The very designation of "compatibilism" ties it to the same ideational bloodline. When that label is used, it is not an independent harmony between determinism and free will (i.e., there never was a discord), but instead something sharing a yin/yang like dependency relationship with incompatibilism (which introduces discord). Lending credence to the latter school of thought's presuppositions in a backhand way. ("Don't argue with Not Even Wrong. You lend legitimacy to that candidate's policies, Mayor.")

As such it is a viewpoint that has merit, is borne of and involves serious thought, whether you personally choose to expend any energy in that direction or not, and one can certainly consider (nearly) all of philosophical thought and discussion to be a recreational game.

And accordingly one can step outside the game when nothing fruitful or practical to what is outside it is transpiring or can transpire within it. But I admit this really only applies to those who are taking it too seriously. By all means continue with another variation of the "How many angels can dance on the head a pin?" template if it's just fun and the participants understand it is about creating a problem and indulging in its quarrelsome bounty, not solving one -- or rather, preventing one to begin with. Maybe I'm the one addressing this too seriously by even bothering. Probably I am.

As has been offered in almost every thread on the subject, though: the side one takes on the question of their compatibility (i.e. compatibilism or incompatibilism), and the conclusions one reach, is mostly dependent on the notion of "free" that one uses, and what that notion entails.

You have offered one, a compatibilist notion.

As pertains to reasons circa the middle of this post, I reject the label of compatibilism and the interpretative background assumptions it is being run through to produce that classification. I reject the underlying conceptual filter to that whole framework which construes determinism and free will as so distinct or alien from each other to begin with that there is an issue of compatibilism (is or is not). So while this ponderous ideational bulk can still plop itself down and advertise as THE mindset which everyone must genuflect to... IOW, it is certainly free to label _X_ or my _X_ however it wants according to its own fundamental precondition and bias for engendering discord... I reject its labels and affiliation with the compatibilist/incompatibilist game.
 
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After several extended forays into and back out of this thread over the past several months, I am safe in concluding that no one can provide a definition of what exactly free will is. Heck, we cant even provide a definition for self-determinism.

Without that, this thread is little more than unsupported opposing opinions, beating on each other. And it's causing grief. It can go nowhere but downhill.

So I'm stepping out until and unless someone can provide a definition that we can at least agree upon.
 
After several extended forays into and back out of this thread over the past several months, I am safe in concluding that no one can provide a definition of what exactly free will is.
Of course not. We here are still stuck with the supernatural assumption, for starters. We have several posters denying the existence of human willed choice and willful capability altogether. The Atlantic article I linked contains similar confusions and diverse approaches.
And this tells me that we are not even talking about the same thing.
If you read and consider my posts as they are written, and never mind about QQ or whatever interpretations have popped into your head, it will be easier for you to keep track of what I am posting.
They once owned the world. Now they are relegated to niches that are conducive to anaerobic life.
Cyanobacteria - formerly known as blue-green algae - cover the planet. They occupy almost all niches. They probably grow on your roof - certainly in the gutters - and in your yard. They do just fine in aerobic environments. You seem to be confusing them with something else.
"The "general understanding" you refer to is the notion that to be free one must defy physical law"
No it isn't.
Yeah, it is.
It's your understanding of free will, for example, whenever you claim it conflicts with determinism - the only one you can imagine, according to your explicit posting here.
Only supernatural freedom of will conflicts with determinism.
You have created a definition for self-determining that seems to require "mental organization". I see no such definition anywhere anyone has written.
I did not create a definition. I described an observed feature. It's an accurate observation -you can verify it for yourself.
I think you should probably state your definition before using it in an argument
I don't use nonexistent definitions in my arguments here.
A set of definitions of the key subjects would end this discussion - they are a large part of what we are trying to settle.
 
An earthworm can, if sufficiently motivated with heat lamps, eventually learn to crawl left instead of right.

Does it "choose" to crawl left instead of right? Or is it simply repeated stimulus/response adaptation?

The entire argument of this thread is that adapting does not necessarily mean it had any choice in the matter.

So earthworms are self-determining, because they adapted to take a different action, based on experience.
Not talking about any other actor other than human.
Why do you seek to confuse the issue?
Btw research indicates that much depends on the critical metacognition ability being present and to what degree it is present.
Do earthworms demonstrate the degree of metacognition needed to learn any thing?
 
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After several extended forays into and back out of this thread over the past several months, I am safe in concluding that no one can provide a definition of what exactly free will is. Heck, we cant even provide a definition for self-determinism.

Without that, this thread is little more than unsupported opposing opinions, beating on each other. And it's causing grief. It can go nowhere but downhill.

So I'm stepping out until and unless someone can provide a definition that we can at least agree upon.
Again you seek to avoid the necessity of self determination to even form your opinion.

Try having any opinion with out the learned capacity to form it...
Self determination is not just about adaptation. It's about learning to choose how to adapt.
 
After several extended forays into and back out of this thread over the past several months, I am safe in concluding that no one can provide a definition of what exactly free will is. Heck, we cant even provide a definition for self-determinism.

Without that, this thread is little more than unsupported opposing opinions, beating on each other. And it's causing grief. It can go nowhere but downhill.

So I'm stepping out until and unless someone can provide a definition that we can at least agree upon.
It's not about agreeing or winning an argument. It about finding a higher truth by utilising collective discussion. Disagree as much as you wish if that provides you with that higher truth...or be the poorer for it if it doesn't. Your choice, your call, your gain, your loss...it is up to you to determine...which...
Unless of course you believe you have no choice...
 
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Not talking about any other actor other than human.
I know you are. That's the problem.
Your definition can be applied to virtually any other living organism. So it's not exactly useful.
Earthworms and bacteria apparently can also self-determine. You need a better definition.

Fuzzy, poorly-defined terms are central to this thread, but if it looks like those definitions can be improved, leading to some forward movement, I may chime in here and there.
 
Not talking about any other actor other than human.
I know you are. That's the problem.
Your definition can be applied to virtually any other living organism. So it's not exactly useful.
Earthworms and bacteria apparently can also self-determine. You need a better definition.

...a definition that we can at least agree upon.
It's not about agreeing...
Yeah. It kinda is.


Fuzzy, poorly-defined terms are central to this thread, but if it looks like those definitions can be improved, leading to some forward movement, I may chime in here and there.
 
I know you are. That's the problem.
Your definition can be applied to virtually any other living organism. So it's not exactly useful.
Earthworms and bacteria apparently can also self-determine. You need a better definition.

Fuzzy, poorly-defined terms are central to this thread, but if it looks like those definitions can be improved, leading to some forward movement, I may chime in here and there.
no, it is defined as well as it needs to be, if it applies elsewhere then good if it doesn't then too bad...

I say: Life is directly related to self determination in humans
and you wish to discuss earth worms... why?

The definition is found in most common online dictionaries...
 
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Nothing. Capabilities are observed in fact - equivalent to each other in their status as existent, indistinguishable in their physical reality and features, differing only in their employment in a future event - which, being in the future, has no bearing on their nature at the time of observation. Causation does not go backwards in time.
I fully agree that they are indistinguishable in their physical reality.
Two things that don’t exist are equal in their physical reality and features.
The capability you mention is simply an abstraction of what one thinks one to be capable of at any given moment, the array of options open to it if the input allows.
But there is only ever going to be that input that was predetermined from the dawn of time.
And from that there will only ever be the one output that must follow.
Everything else is just a subjective viewpoint based on what little information of reality that we have.
Causation does not go backward, and I have never said it does.
But since everything is predetermined in a deterministic universe, the future is set in stone.
The future predetermined outcome is factual to the extent that it will come to pass, and nothing else will come to pass other than that predetermined future.
It is as much a fact of the present conditions as the present itself.
Any considered future other than that factual future is thus counterfactual.
A perceived capability at a given moment that is not factually present at that moment is counterfactual.
How do you overlook that obvious fact? Apparently, like this:
There is no “obvious fact” to overlook.
Yes. And that reason informs - because it has nothing to do with your argument itself.

They are unnecessary,
[snipped for irrelevancy]
That should warn you.
If I want to discuss the subject of rhetoric with you then I will engage with you in the linguistics forum.
I do, however, find it more than humourous that you raise issue with what you consider to be irrelevant words by writing 3 irrelvevant paragraphs.
That should warn you.
As stated, there were reasons for the words posted.
If they do nothing for you, great, move on.
You introduce "indeterminism" for some reason. It is bizarrely irrelevant. I don't forget about determination when evaluating present circumstances and things that exist now - why would anyone else?
It was raised to act as a reminder of your previous confusion with what determinism entails, and to act as warning of any claims of quantum mechanics and a probabilistic universe being deterministic.
You have seen the quotes and explanations of the dozens of examples dozens of times here - in every thread on this topic, clearly laid out.
I have seen you use the phrase in your post here, sure, but it lacked relevance.
Similarly elsewhere.
I am thus asking for examples of where you think it is relevant.
In the second paragraph of this very post is another - "causation does not go backwards in time", as the obvious response to your quite silly claim that capabilities which will not be used at a given time in the distant future are somehow "counterfactual" right now.
And the explanation has been duly provided above, although I am still at a loss as to how you think issues of whether something is counterfactual or not has a bearing on the temporal direction of causality.
Care to actually explain why you think it relevant?
You have never once bothered to register the point, and you won't this time either. The reason you won't is probably the same as the reason you insist on typing "pre" in front of "determined" - psychological reassurance being the most obvious possibility.
Your efforts at pop-psychology are adorable.
You are also confusing a lack of registering the point with disagreement with it.
Which leads to a small step recently made in this topic, as I was pondering why the deluded materialists here refused so adamantly to register this small set of more or less obvious points - that capabilities are observed entities in the physical universe, that a driver approaching a string of traffic lights does not gain or lose capabilities depending on the future color of each light any more than they lose teeth based on their future diet, that degrees of freedom in human choices and willed actions are physically real, that a human being is the means by which the universe makes human choices and the location in which such choices are made - human will is fully participant in the process of determination, and so forth.
Insults aside, you keep claiming this yet I have seen no evidence of it, no evidence of anyone, ever, having the capability of stopping or going at the same moment in time.
“Capabilities” that you refer to are mostly counterfactual ones, in that only one of them will transpire, only one of them is factual.
What exists is not the capability but the thought that the capabilities exist, the imagined scenarios in which one or the other option is enacted.
Those thoughts exist, not an actual capability.
So this emerged from the shadows: the deluded materialist habitually and reflexively reacts to news of high level mental events as if they were essentially supernatural.
No one here is denying the existence of high level mental events, no one is reacting to them as if they were essentially supernatural, which must mean that no one here is a delusional materialist.
Lucky us that you’re arguing a straw man, then.
Subconsciously they don't "genuinely" exist, in other words, . That's why causality ends at the level of cue balls and bricks , why they talk about "human atoms" making human decisions rather than minds, why they can post about capabilities appearing and disappearing from the present according to information about the distant future - claims they would immediately laugh at if made about toenails.
They do genuinely exist.
There is just no freedom within them, no capability of doing anything other than what was already predetermined to do.
No one, as far as I can tell, has denied the existence of these processes, and on numerous occasions have even explicitly stated as much to you and to others.
So I suggest you pop your straw man back into whatever drawer you pulled him out of.
 
but the "YOU" doesn't exist to do any premising...
Determinism with out self determinism defeats itself logically. Because it takes self determined YOU to determine whether something is objective or not.
I think this has been mentioned to you before, but whether or not a person, a self-determining organism, comprehends objective reality or not does not stop it being objective reality.
If, as premised, determinism is the objective reality, then that is what it is, regardless of anything else.
So the lack of any “you”, not that I agree there would be such a lack, is irrelevant to the objective reality.
That is what it means to be objective.
So to argue that, somehow, determinism defeats itself logically without self determinism is wrong.
Determinism, without self determinism, would simply remain what it always is: determinism.
I don’t need to determine that x is x for x to be x: x will be x whether I am here or not.
According to your no choice, single event outcome paradigm, determinism means pure subjectivity...no objectivity is available.
Objectivity remains.
That is what it means to be objective.
Determinism is the objective in the hypothetical universe we are discussing, because that is what we have premised it to be.
Or put it this way:
Objectivity requires binary logic
No, it doesn’t.
Objectivity simply requires something to be what it is irrespective of perspective.
A deterministic universe has no binary logic. It is only a YES system with out a NO.
How is a deterministic universe, the one we have premised in this thread, not one that has binary logic?
Given that computers are a reasonable example of a deterministic system, and computers operate on binary logic, im struggling to see how you have reached your assertion?
That said, the notion of cause and effect ( binary) is actually non-existent in a deterministic universe with out a self determined actor capable of choosing right from wrong, yes or no, true or false, cause or effect.
Quite simply rubbish.
Determinism describes the nature of the causal relationship between cause and effect, in that the effect is completely determined by the preceding causes.
So, again, I am struggling to understand your thought process here, as you don’t seem to be making much sense?
Or ask the question:

How can objectivity exist in a deterministic universe if all outcomes and evaluations are predetermined as a single possibility?
The single chain of events described by the initial conditions and the laws of the deterministic universe is the objective reality, along with those laws.
Objectivity is the concept of being true independent of any subjective viewpoint.
I.e. it is what remains when there is nothing to perceive it.
To speak of the objective not existing if there is no self-determinism is to misunderstand what it means to be objective.
or deeper...
Do we exist as part of a duality ( Ego ) or non-duality (no ego)?
If you want to talk of a material dualism then go right ahead and expand on that, and how it fits within the deterministic universe premised here.
Otherwise I’m not sure how it is relevant.
Perhaps you can expand to show how it is?
 
nope, the principle provides the environment for the agent to do his thing to the best of his learned capability.
In this scenario try the words "Delegated authority".
Then the analogy to the deterministic universe is flawed, as the deterministic universe governs everything, even if that is through the complex condensed activity of life.
 
As I said, it's recreational.
...
The folly is treating such a game too seriously, or at least as still important when outside of or not playing in its own artificial contrivances.
Understood, and I do agree.
Even if this thread is compatibilism versus incompatiblism, one first has to touch upon how the latter spawns internal conflict with its own progeny before jumping to the next level of its cat-and-mouse with compatiblism.
Here I disagree.
The largest population in the game is split on lines on in/compatibilism.
Only when agreeing on that point would the incompatibilists turn inward and look at what further subdivides them, if anything.
If the thread debate was along the lines of “Assuming freewill is incompatible with determinism, what does that say of our reality?” or some such then this premises the incompatibilist position and all hell can break loose between the previously peaceful factions.
Maybe I'm the one addressing this too seriously by even bothering. Probably I am.
For someone clearly not keen to put on the sponsored shirt and join the game, you are doing a good job of explaining why you don’t think you’ll partake, even while watching the game unfold in front of you (and by “unfold” I just mean watching the ball get kicked back and forward across the halfway line, with no one actually moving, apart from the occasional player with their eyes closed or unaware of the rules). :)
As pertains to reasons circa the middle of this post, I reject the label of compatibilism and the interpretative background assumptions it is being run through to produce that classification. I reject the underlying conceptual filter to that whole framework which construes determinism and free will as so distinct or alien from each other to begin with that there is an issue of compatibilism (is or is not). So while this ponderous ideational bulk can still plop itself down and advertise as THE mindset which everyone must genuflect to... IOW, it is certainly free to label _X_ or my _X_ however it wants according to its own fundamental precondition and bias for engendering discord... I reject its labels and affiliation with the compatibilist/incompatibilist game.
Feel free to reject the label, the sponsored shirt.
But if you want to join the game you will almost certainly have views that see you on one team or the other.
And bear in mind that if something looks, moves, and sounds like a duck then it almost certainly is a duck, whether it rejects being called one or not.
;)
 
As Capricius is alluding to a personalised intelligent universe I think the following analogy might be worth throwing on the table...
I stated earlier that actors in a simulation would have their actions completely determined in the context of that simulation. The creators of that simulation who would be considered intelligent actors themselves, would be actors who’s actions where determined by the whole of the universe as well. Every actor, whether simulated or not is ultimately an expression of the greater universe. If the universe itself happens to be a conscious intelligent actor, it too is a product of its own compositional nature.
Think of the nature of agency.
You have a Principle ( the universe and it's staring conditions)
Then you have an Agent. ( self determined human)
The Principle lays down the rules of engagement for the Agent in a universal deterministic environment.
The Agent is restricted in his actions but has the autonomy to do as he pleases with in the rules (laws of physics) laid down by the Principle.
The problem with your description is that there is no apparent autonomy with regards to the ordered nature of the universe. When you consider all of the universal material interaction that comprise the action of human and non human matter, there is no autonomy to do as one or it pleases, it’s all strictly regulated by the greater whole.
According to current math and physics - quantum and chaos theory, etc - one cannot in theory repeat that process "identically". There is no such thing as an identical repetition - the odds against it are too great, the lifespan of the universe too short.
There are variations of quantum theory that leave nothing to chance, and leave open the ability to describe any action in complete detail. When Dave asserts that if a given process is repeated, he means that universally all conditions are identical, as if the entire universe was rewound to a given instant.
Entities making choices are observed. They exist in physical fact. None of your considerations of substrate etc render them nonexistent.
The choice of any entity is simply its universally determined action. You can term human choice as a calculation based on the nature of human physiology, and term the vector of a golf ball a calculation based on the physical nature of a golf ball. Every aspect of the nature of those two entities is a result of a universally determined sequential cascade of events, and the actual calculation in each case involves not just a snapshot in time, but the entirety of time and space prior to the event in question.
That is false - only supernatural free will denies determinism, and we agreed that we were not discussing supernatural anything, here.
There is by definition no freedom of action in a completely deterministic system. If you want to play QQ’s game and propose a semi deterministic reality, then have at it, because it’s the only way to accommodate the contradictory elements of your present stance.
Observation of fact, theoretical consideration of logical levels, etc.
Starting with the reminder that humans exist, as entities and parts of the universe. They are the part of the universe that makes human choices, does human deeds, etc.
No, more accurately stated, humans are the entities that the universe wields to produce human action. In the same way the universe wields humans to wield wrenches to produce the action of a wrench. Both are just examples of universally determined tools.
Leave out the muddle words that are confusing you - "just", "the start", the "pre" of "predetermined", etc - and reread with care.
The human decision, whether to leave the golf ball or not, is determined almost entirely by constituent factors of the human - subsets of the human involved. That's how the "overall mechanism" is set up to work.
The "overall mechanism" is the human being involved.
Human decision is a miniscule factor on the stage that put the human entity and the golf ball in position to play their respective parts. It took an eternity of sequential universal action to finally tip that human domino into the golf ball domino to express the determined momentary result. That’s how the overall mechanism actually works.
There is nothing counterfactual about the existence of capabilities now, regardless of what the future is determined to be - the opposite is the case: currently existing alternatives and capabilities and so forth are significant factors involved in determining that future. They are part of the means by which the future is determined by the universe - they are the means of determination.
A completely determined system only has one possible outcome for any given moment, which leaves no option for alternate outcomes. Any notion of alternate possibilities can only exist as a subjective interpretation of reality based on incomplete knowledge.
 
Then the analogy to the deterministic universe is flawed, as the deterministic universe governs everything, even if that is through the complex condensed activity of life.
so you say , yet you refuse to offer any logical reason to support the limitations you are placing upon your deterministic paradigm.
In the deterministic paradigm I use human self determination is essential.
  • It is logically inclusive of observed phenomena.
  • It allows for an objective universe that science requires.
  • It does not force freewill to be a supernatural phenomena.
  • And it addresses the op question rather than blocking it.
All you and Cap are doing as far as I can tell is repeating constantly a failed version of determinism with out any real desire to understand why it is a failure.

Why do I think it is a failure?
It is a failure because the question is still being asked after 2500 odd years:
Does freewill exist in a deterministic universe?
If it was a successful philosophy there would be no need to ask the question.
 
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Understood, and I do agree.
Here I disagree.
The largest population in the game is split on lines on in/compatibilism.
Only when agreeing on that point would the incompatibilists turn inward and look at what further subdivides them, if anything.
If the thread debate was along the lines of “Assuming freewill is incompatible with determinism, what does that say of our reality?” or some such then this premises the incompatibilist position and all hell can break loose between the previously peaceful factions.
For someone clearly not keen to put on the sponsored shirt and join the game, you are doing a good job of explaining why you don’t think you’ll partake, even while watching the game unfold in front of you (and by “unfold” I just mean watching the ball get kicked back and forward across the halfway line, with no one actually moving, apart from the occasional player with their eyes closed or unaware of the rules). :)
Feel free to reject the label, the sponsored shirt.
But if you want to join the game you will almost certainly have views that see you on one team or the other.

It's a "game" now, which is all that eliminativism of the compatibilism complex (is or is not compatible) as being anymore than recreation could ask for.

And bear in mind that if something looks, moves, and sounds like a duck then it almost certainly is a duck, whether it rejects being called one or not. ;)

More than happy to accommodate the rules of a refereed game and its pre-established certainties, taxonomy, selective biases, and agendas by bowing out. It's a given that a royal procession of one of those through the streets wouldn't feature a window of tolerance for spectators remarking: "The emperor has no clothes!" Indeed, one might question the mental fitness of its designers if it did.
 
I stated earlier that actors in a simulation would have their actions completely determined in the context of that simulation. The creators of that simulation who would be considered intelligent actors themselves, would be actors who’s actions where determined by the whole of the universe as well. Every actor, whether simulated or not is ultimately an expression of the greater universe. If the universe itself happens to be a conscious intelligent actor, it too is a product of its own compositional nature.
You do know the difference between the word determined and the word influence don't you?
To say that some event is being completely determined by a given actor ( universe ) with out offering a rational reason to support it is a bit lazy don't you think?
The problem with your description is that there is no apparent autonomy with regards to the ordered nature of the universe. When you consider all of the universal material interaction that comprise the action of human and non human matter, there is no autonomy to do as one or it pleases, it’s all strictly regulated by the greater whole.
There need not be autonomy from the universe, just delegation from the Principle, or in religious circles often refereed to as "Grace"

For you and others to lock in your thoughts on fatalistic determinism, (whether secular or religious) you need to address the issues argued against them in a way that is logical and rational.

As yet you are still not addressing the numerous issues raised but merely repeat your call to authority statements, that frankly mean little and are suggestive of irrational denial.
  1. Arbitrary and subjective limitations on what the universe can or can not predetermine.
  2. Inability to define "will"or the word "free"
  3. Refusal to acknowledge the "Life" factor, and all the unknowns concerning it.
  4. Predetermined evolution of learned self determination.
  5. The ability to be objective (scientific) relies on self determination.
  6. Ample evidence of self determination in humans.
  7. Macro determinations vs micro determinations.
  8. Meta-cognition and mirror self awareness

...and a heap more, that I can't think of at the moment but will add later when I do...
 
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