Moderator note: This thread was split from the following thread, on why people believe in God:
I think we can dispense with our earthly gods without much fuss. Why are there 5.8 billion people who believe in a god and only 16 % of the world's population is atheist?
www.sciforums.com
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Here is an example of how the scientific community regarding Evolution as opposed to an intelligent design.
It is no exaggeration to claim Nobel prize winners in science are among the brightest people who have ever lived on our planet. Past winners include, Curie, Bohr, Einstein , Feynman, Heisenberg, Schrodinger and Dirac.
Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity Nobel Laureates Initiative. This organization has 38 Nobel laureates, who wrote a letter calling upon the Kansas Board of Education to reject intelligent design.
That looks like they are trying to set up an argument from authority.
"Logically derived from confirmable evidence
"Logically derived"? Do any of our Nobel winners really believe that if we begin with fossils, comparative anatomy or even comparative genomics, that the conclusion of biological evolution by natural selection can be produced with deductive certainty, simply by turning the crank of logical deduction? I sense that the word "logically" is being misused once again merely as an honorific, as it so often is. (It's consistent with an argument from authority though, essentially the boast that 'We're logical, our opponents aren't'.)
What we have here isn't logical deduction. Nor is it induction. It appears to me to be some sort of 'inference to the best explanation'. That's probably the most common kind of inference used by scientists, even if it isn't well understood by logicians. In particular we need to understand its strengths and weaknesses, what kind of presuppositions are built into it, and what kind of warrant it confers on conclusions. (Probabilistic at best, in my opinion.)
evolution is understood to be the result of an unguided, unplanned process of random variation and natural selection.
I'm not sure that I believe that either. (I sort of do and sort of don't.) The evidence of life on earth suggests that variation is anything but random. I'm
not suggesting that if variation isn't random that it must be the result of guidance by divine intervention.
I am suggesting that a great deal depends on where in the developmental process of organisms the variation occurs. If variation occurs in a human embryo very early, when it's just a few cells and things like the anterior/posterior, ventral/dorsal axes, and the basic germ layers are being established, the results would be catastrophic and the embryo would be spontaneously aborted. Yet it was probably precisely these kind of very fundamental variations when simple multicellular animals were first appearing in the Ediacaran biota that produced the great range of animal body-plans that we see suddenly appearing in the Cambrian explosion.
So as life history unfolds, variation seems to concentrate in the latest stages of an organism's development while it is increasingly suppressed in earlier stages, since more gross variation at those stages would adversely impact the survival of already highly-adapted organisms.
As the foundation of modern biology, its indispensable role has been further strengthened by the capacity to study DNA. In contrast, intelligent design is fundamentally unscientific;
Yes, that's very true. Of course a hypothesis being "fundamentally unscientific" (because it's inconsistent with science's methodological naturalism) doesn't imply that the unscientific hypothesis isn't correct. But it might indeed suggest that the unscientific hypothesis might be out of place in a science classroom, which I understand was the issue before this particular court.
it cannot be tested as scientific theory because its central conclusion is based on belief in the intervention of a supernatural agent."
That would depend on whether any religious or metaphysical tradition included empirically testable predictions. (I've seen no evidence of that.)
The problem that I see there is that science seems to suffer from a similar defect, when it places mathematics and the 'laws of physics' into an explanatory role, and when it simply assumes that reason is the high-road to understanding reality. There's an argument to be made that whatever explains the fact that reality exists in the first place, and whatever explains the universe possessing the order that it is observed to display, must
ex hypothesi be at least as orderly and rational as what it's being called upon to explain.
nsNS