I've just googled the dog question, and I can't find a single site that says it is impossible for dogs to go to heaven.
I was once surfing through Christian websites (always pays to see what the enemy is up to) and I found one in which a panel of pastors were counseling parents in how to answer their children's questions about religious matters. One lady said that the family dog had just died and the children were consoling themselves with the promise that he'd be waiting for them in heaven. However, she knew that heaven is for souls and only humans have souls so no other animals could be there, and she wondered how to break the news to the kids, since it would devastate them. The pastor said that since God could do anything he wanted to, he could easily reconstruct their dog right down to the last hair and the last behavior quirk, so that they would be incapable of distinguishing him from the real dog. Since this is a rather complicated thing to explain to a small child, he said it would be okay for her to let them continue believing that their very own dog would be there when they arrived, and wait until they were older to explain the details.
In other words: Lie to 'em, lady. It's the Christian thing to do.
It's generally true that Abrahamic religion (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Rasta, etc.) specifies that non-human animals have no souls. This is in marked contrast to many other systems. Hinduism, for example, says that if you live an evil life your soul will be reincarnated in some lowly animal like a heartworm and you'll have to work your way back up to humanity by being a really noble heartworm. And your first assignment will be to figure out just exactly how a really noble heartworm should behave--with no brain to do the figuring.
The Christian model of Heaven leaves a lot of details to the imagination, so the various sects and even individuals have their own accretions--so certainly many of them have simply decided that their faithful dog will be there because he is more "Christian" than they are and to have it otherwise would make God unjust.
And that's nothing compared to Hell. In the last poll I saw, the majority of American Christians believe in Heaven but only about 25% believe in Hell
at all.
It's not clear how people who have been atheists their whole life, in a time of great need or other severe distress can successfully turn to religion/spirituality/God. My own experience is that the time of need is the worst, least conducive time for trying to begin to believe in God.
That's nice to know, I guess. I suppose if they begin to believe in God they have to believe that that same God let this crappy thing happen to them, and it doesn't make for a nice introduction.
Wouldn't a god know what it takes to make a person believe? Certainly an all powerful being could, if they wanted to, do anything convincing enough for anyone. The biblical god did in the past, although looking at his miracles, they could now be explained by natural phenomena seen by ignorant people, or simulated by modern technology. But certainly he could set up miracles to be unexplainable to us.
The Christians who have studied the philosophy of their religion insist that God
does not want to give them incontrovertible evidence of his existence. He wants them to believe
out of faith, not reason.
This, in a nutshell, is why I say that religion--at least Christianity--is antiscience and has no place in our academy. Reason is fundamental to science. Anyone who believes that it's proper to believe something of really major importance simply out of
unreasoned faith will never be completely trustworthy as a scientist.