Sorry but that didn't help at all. I don't know ANY East European history of the time. What was the reformation? And the counter reformation? What was it in response to? What were the changes in Polish society as a consequence?
Geeze lady, then you don't know much about Western history AT ALL, not just eastern Europe! The Reformation was one of the pivotal events of the last two thousand years in this part of the world: the ascendance of Christianity, the Reformation, the Renaissance, the American Revolution, World War II.
The Reformation was the "reforming" of Christianity from the autocratic Catholic Church to various denominations of Protestantism, each with its own model of administration for a Christian community--ranging from "do your own thing" to a photocopy of Catholicism. It arguably started in Germany when Martin Luther, a priest, rebelled against much of the church dogma that had more to do with worldly affairs than with the traditions of faith and charity that Jesus tried to establish. The Lutheran Church is still the predominant denomination in Germany and Scandinavia.
John Calvin is another important figure in the Reformation, and many denominations consider themselves Calvinists. The Church of England, represented outside England as Anglican and Episcopalian congregations, was (IIRC) the first Protestant church to be institutionalized and, in a step backwards, was the official mandatory religion in England for a long time.
The essence of Protestantism is to "protest" the restrictions of Catholicism, and Protestants manifest that protest by scattering into (probably) hundreds of denominations, each of which interprets the Bible slightly differently and has its own set of more or less rigorous practices.
The net result of the Reformation is the Freedom of Religion that is enshrined in the U.S. Constitution but is also enforced somewhat less melodramatically in most of the Western nations--after taking several centuries to gel of course.
Without the Reformation, the Renaissance probably could never have happened. (And please don't tell me you've never heard of the Renaissance. It's the reason the entire world is Eurocentric.) The medieval Catholic Church was so hostile to new ideas--particularly those that conflicted with its dogma like Galileo's refutation of the geocentric universe--that science, art, and all of Western culture might still be mired in the Dark Ages.
Predictably, the Reformation generated many horrible wars: Protestants rebelling against Catholic national leaders, Catholic countries fighting against Protestant countries, and (since religion is a Stone Age relic that reinforces tribalism) Protestant countries battling with one another.
The founding of the United States can be analyzed as part of the Reformation, or perhaps as a Second Reformation. As I mentioned, the Church of England had basically established itself as the new Catholic church, and no other churches were allowed in the country. People who did not agree with COE dogma and policy were persecuted. A few boatloads of them (we call them "the Pilgrims") managed to escape to North America and the rest, as we say, is history.
William Penn's Quakers also fled England and played an important role in the founding of our country, and we have a state named after him: "Penn's Sylvania." Persecuted Presbyterians from Scotland, persecuted Mennonites from Germany, and several other groups of European outcasts came here in their quest for freedom. (See my thread in Politics about how America sees itself as Moses, leading people from all over the world to a new Promised Land.)
Even Jews (or perhaps especially Jews, as elaborated in my other thread) fled to America from the antisemitism that was rampant in Europe--even post-Reformation Europe. America took the Reformation one step further and extended freedom of religion to non-Christians.
The Reformation made Europe what it is today, and made America possible. You'll never understand the United States if you don't understand the Reformation.