For the sake of trying to explain it more simply, I proposed that we first consider the Earth as a closed system. Obviously this was instantly rejected without even considering the aspects of therodynamics. But if you have been reading the replys above, I immediately replied "Okay, then let's consider the Earth as an open system and the Universe as the closed system." Still, no consideration of thermodynamics and nothing but condemnation, criticism, hostility, nit-picking rejection based on this-or-that subtle comment, and contemptuous antagonistic replies. These are supposed to be scientific forums, ya know?, where people are supposed to be objective. You yourself are guilty of outright denying thermodynamics as an explanation for evolution. A PhD student? What was your initial reply? Rejection without forethought! That's not representative of a person with an education at a doctorate level.spuriousmonkey said:I know that the 2nd law applies to closed systems. Which the earth is not.