It's always a pleasure to discuss things with real scientists. You get to know a lot of relevant scientific facts (and terminologies) useful for your analysis especially, if you're a layman like me.
Danniel said:
Couldn't be that during mating seasons there's heterosexuality to some degree and off the mating season, where actual mating would be unfruitful, there's homo/bissexuality to build these bonds, so sexual selection can coexist with homosexuality?
Although, I hate to use the words homosexuality and heterosexuality (because for one both are loaded with socio-political baggages), I will not make that an issue here, because the basic purpose here is to talk about and understand the biology, and I don't want to divert attention.
What you're saying makes sense.
I could add to this that according to my observation male-female sex amongst the wild is not that universal or regularly practised by all the males every year Many males indulge in it at some time in their life. Many don't do it at all. Perhaps the same cannot be said about same-sex behaviour which seems to be more of the rule at least in some species (e.g. the mammals).
Therefore if the theory of natural selection is true, then it's only partly true. Changes or developments in the biology of males cannot only be triggered by a need to reproduce. Although certain changes would be specific to this need. Also nature does not work by dividing things into its various components like we do. Probably, its a complicated mixture of reproductive and other needs that triggers bioloigcal developments in individuals.
Also, if the natural selection theory was true in its entirely, then the male would have been sufficiently feminised and the female sufficiently masculinised in order to make them more compatible with each other. This is exactly what happens in birds --- who have a heterosexual biological make-up.
Danniel said:
So where exactly this form of "sex" evolved? Is it mono or polyphyletic?
Sex has been noted in species where sexual dimorphism has not taken place and reproduction is asexual. Of course this sex was with the same sex. This is a strong pointer that reproduction was not the basic or the primary purpose of sex.
And that this non-reproductive same-sex sex has a strong biological value --- otherwise why is it there? This then would go against what Darwin claimed about sexuality. If this is indeed true, then science should start trying to find the significance of same-sex bonds rather than dismissing it to shield Darwin or trying to find the 'reason' for so-called 'homosexuality' as if it were an anomaly.
Danniel said:
If is polyphyletic why all the same-sex bonds behaviors exapted the sexual organs, which presumably evolved to reproduction?
Or is just a coincidence that male and female genitalia match better than same sexes genitalia (at least in most of the cases, I guess), which would have originally evolved to homosexuality?
If homosexual sex came first, and reproduction just exapted these sexual apparatuses evolved just to build bondaries, why there are so often two sexual dimorphisms at least? Why there isn't just only one gender, which is pretty enough to same-sex boundaries and reproduction altogether?
Although I couldn't fully understand the last para (sorry I get easily bounced by scientific terminologies!), I suggest that -- as we already know that same-sex behaviour was present before sexual dimorphism took place.....After the species evolved into male and female, sex was chosen as THE way to reproduce. But the original sex for bonding remained in place for the same-sex. In other words sex, which was earlier only for the same-sex got divided into two parts:
- Sex for reproduction -- which was between male and female. But this sex was kept only for reproduction, it did not have much bonding value or a long lasting pleasure value (as evident from observation of the wildlife!)
- Sex for bonding --- which continued to be between the same-sexes even in the newly formed male sex.
Only as much sexual need between opposite sexes developed as could be sustained in nature with ease --- maintaining the precarious natural balance.
Danniel said:
Of course, both are.
Although I'd prefer to not use the word "mean of life" as if biology was providing a mean of life in the phylosophical sense.
O.K. I can't yet define this word 'meaningful life" or "meaningful existence" but I think it has immense biological value too. We know that many individuals in a species commit suicide when life loses its meaning --- whatever that is.
Danniel said:
Quantity is needed to evolution because simple math. The more a reproductor reproduces, the more it exists.
I'd say, it is true to an extent. After that the greater number becomes a burden --- even becomes suicidal for the species as well as creates havoc with nature's balance. Therefore, nature would never allow it -- not if it has a say. Not through evolution. It is likely to put inbuilt mechanisms in the species -- through its various members, which will make sure that the need to reproduce goes down when that certain number is reached.
Danniel said:
Of course that's not all. If a variant of an species, lets say humans, bears "twentyples" (20 individuals in a single time, if my word make up isn't enough well constructed), they would be something like 3cm aborted living fetuses each. That surely wouldn't be any adapted.
Selection, both sexual and natural (which comprehends sexual, in my opinion) will balance quality with quantity. But will not teleologically priorize quality. Changes are random, and if a slightly bigger quantity with slightly less quality does better in the nature, there's what the species will be. The other way around is also true, if for a certain species variants that "prioritize" quality are being more effective than those which "prioritize" quantity, they first group is the one which will eventually prevail.
There's no how to argue that quality is allways better than quantity, there are lots of examples of living organisms with extreme "r" reproductive strategies to which a slightly, graudual increase in quality/expenditures for individual of the offspring in detriment of quantity wouldn't be advantageous.
Perhaps a huge leap of quality cutting a lot of quantity could theoretically be advantageous in some cases, but it's probably pretty rare, because it would be pretty hard to the developmental system which is constructed to work for quantity to mutate suddenly to an effective producer of highly-developed few offspring.
I think there is a perfect balance between quantity and quality. There is room only for slight variations --- and then the alarm bells would start ringing in the species and the inbuilt mechanisms would start working. If they are not allowed to work the entire natural balance would be disrupted.
If the quantity is artiicially increased, it will have tremendously negative effects on the quality of the species.
Like I mentioned earlier, in my opinion, only as much sexual need for the opposite sex amongst the males develops in nature as can be sustained healthily by it.