Just a brief over view of something I am reading at the moment
Virtually all the threads that have the potential for theistic discussion are burdened down with these issues so I thought it would be interesting to address them head on - any thoughts?
(in other words since it seems they get discussed by default anyway we might as well be open about it )
What is spiritual abuse?
In their book, Healing Religious Addiction, the Linns (Dennis, Sheila and Matt Linn) define spiritual abuse quite broadly as denying other's spiritual freedom through claiming that only one's own way to God is valid (The Linns, p. 12). Johnson and Van Vonderen are more specific: 'Spiritual abuse is the mistreatment of a person who is in need of help, support or greater spiritual empowerment, with the result of weakening, undermining or decreasing that person's spiritual empowerment' (Johnson and Van Vonderen, p. 20).
Spiritual abuse is perpetrated when, in the name of spirituality or spiritual authority, the individual's dignity and right to advance through serving God is violated.[4]
To help clarify the concept; some testimonies from various sources:
My bible study leader tells me that I haven't taken on the 'mantle' as spiritual head of my home. I should be praying more, taking authority in the Spirit — then spiritual forces wouldn't be able to attack my family. Then my wife wouldn't be having menstrual problems and my oldest son wouldn't be suffering from asthma. I guess their sickness is my fault. (Johnson and Van Vonderen, p. 21)
Being forced to defend yourself on the basis of quotes from religious books is very exhausting and discouraging. The whole process demonstrates a lack of emotional expression.You become very afraid and guilty for feeling, especially when those around you feel different. (VOICE, 1997, 4.3.2e)[5]
There is a common dynamic in the above examples — the person seeking spiritual guidance, in need of information, dialogue, support, acceptance or counsel, was made to feel that their spirituality was defective. This can impel a person to agree with a particular belief or to feel discouraged from asking legitimate (but potentially awkward) questions. This is the general dynamic.
Spiritual abuse frequently occurs in conjunction with other forms of abuse — or one could say that other forms of abuse, be they physical, psychological, emotional, sexual or financial, when perpetrated within a spiritual community or society, will have a spiritual component. The abuse is being backed up by authority and power derived from a spiritual institution or teaching. Those abused have had their boundaries beaten down, they have been shamed out of their 'no', had their discrimination clouded by someone else's religious agendas. Spiritual abuse does not refer to simple mistakes of judgement, but to concerted misuse of position or power. The dynamics, causes and consequences of spiritual abuse are relevant to all members of a spiritual society since abuse seems to be an unavoidable reality within any society, and spiritual abuse seems to be programmed into the process of spiritual growth, a point that I will discuss later in this article.
About abuse dynamics
Abuse can occur in any authority structure or wherever there is an assumption of authority[8] .
Based on researching problems in other institutions, reactions to our seminars and our experiences , we formulated the following list of dynamics conducive to abuse:
1. Unrealistic evaluation of spiritual acumen
a) Position/external success = spiritual advancement
2. Unrealistic expectations
a) The myth of the infallible leader
b) The myth of the totally surrendered subordinate
3. Misapplication of philosophy
a) Twisting theology or interpreting scripture to suit personal or institutional agendas
b) Sweeping problems under the carpet of spiritual catch-phrases
4. Coercion through shame and fear
a) Shaming people into submission and/or silence
b) Criticising/humiliating anyone with a different opinion or who notices a problem
c) Demonisation, name-calling and fear of ostracism as coercion methods
5. Premature transcendence
a) Elitism and exclusivism as a justification for segregation and prejudice
b) Ignoring physical, psychological, emotional or social needs
c) Encouraging renunciation far beyond a person's realisation
Virtually all the threads that have the potential for theistic discussion are burdened down with these issues so I thought it would be interesting to address them head on - any thoughts?
(in other words since it seems they get discussed by default anyway we might as well be open about it )