Ken your post 93has many errors, which I CORRECTED IN POST 96, but you have ignored that so I condense your post 93 to display only your errors directly related to the thread:
… reference frames by which it can be determined that the moon does NOT rotate on its polar axis! {one} would be when standing on the moon itself…a person with no other reference points could use a Foucault pendulum to determine if they were on a astronomical body that had polar axial rotation. … Ken
If I sit on North pole of the moon for 28 days without moving initially facing the sun, two weeks later the sun is at my back and 28 days later the sun is again at my face again.
Did not I and the moon make one 360 degree turn about the polar axis?
I also watched the Foucault pendulum near me make one 360 degree turn during those 28 days. That you yourself CORRECTLY said was PROOF that the moon did turn on its polar axis. Are you contradicting yourself? Or just confused?
You also think the Earth’s gravity force on the moon is stronger than the sun’s gravity force on the moon is. It is so easy to show you are wrong here too, that I will:
If M & m be the masses for Sun and Earth and D & d be the distances of Sun and Earth from the moon. Thus, the ratio of Sun’s to Earth’s gravity on moon is:
{M/(D^2)} / {m/(d^2)} or (M/m) x (d/D)^2.
Now the mass ratio (M/m) = 1.3 x 10^6 and D = 150 x10^6 km. The moon to Earth separation, d, is 0.384 x10^6 km and I assume the moon is as far as it can be from the sun so D = 150.384 x 10^6.
Then (d/D)^2 = (0.00255)^2 or (2.55)^2 x10^-6 or 6.5 x 10^-6
Thus the
Sun’s gravity is 1.30 x 6.50 = 8.45 times stronger force on the moon than the Earth’s gravity is. This is why the moon orbits the sun, not the Earth. All the Earth does is make the moon’s basically elliptical orbit about the sun have some small “wobble.”
How small is that “wobble”? Well that too is easy to answer: It is as 0.384 is to 150 or a ¼ of one percent variation in the moon to sun distance. So do graph it but for easy assume a circular orbit. When you draw a circle with 13 cycles of only ¼% variation in the radius you will see that AT ALL POINTS in the moon’s orbit it is ALWAYS turning towards the sun. The moon does NOT orbit the Earth it only very slightly crosses from one side of the Earth’s orbit to the other as it orbits the sun.
Summary: YOU HAVE BEEN 100% WRONG on everything stated directly related to the thread and even about the cause of the tides. You did NOT even correctly note the fact that both the Earth and moon only APPEAR* to rotate about their barycenter, which only wobbles from its elliptical orbit very little (due mainly to the perturbations of Jupiter).
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*Appear” as neither is rotating about the barycenter, but if you were traveling with it in orbit about the sun it does APPEAR to be what they are doing; however, from ANY point fixed in space, both Earth and moon are in slightly (1/4 of a percent at most perturbed) elliptical orbits about the sun. They are NOT rotating or orbiting about each other nor about the barycenter. It only APPEARS THAT WAY. Also in case you are also confused about the sun: The sun is not rotating about the Earth either, but it too APPEARS to be rotating about the Earth from an Earth based perspective. Most educated persons now know that appearance is false. - The sun does not orbit the Earth; it only Appears to orbit the Earth. Unfortunately, most people still think the moon DOES orbit the Earth because it appears to orbit the Earth. Things are not always what they appear to be. To know the truth you need to do the calculations / analysis (as done above) not just assume the common POV and appearance are correct.
Finnally: As the moon goes around the sun in an eliptical orbit with 1/4 percent perturbation by the Earth of that orbit it is spinning about its polar axis approximately 13 times in each complete orbit of the sun. From Mars or some more distant place the telescope-aidded eye could ONLY observe the polar spin of the moon, not the tiny, slow 1/4 % wobble.