Why free will is impossible

So, if I have gone to work every Monday morning at 8h30 for twenty weeks in a row, some scientist can predict with great accuracy that I will again go to work the following Monday morning...

And you should be able to sue the scientist and demand compensation in the case that you lose your job! :p
 
I don't think Benjamin Libet's 'free-will' experiments have the implications most commentators (and Libet himself) have taken them to have regarding the allegedly unconscious causes of our actions.
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Thank you for your post, I really appreciate it!


The first problem concerns the principles of individuation of actions.

When I perform an action, there usually results some bodily movements. What action these specific movements constitute can vary according to the context and also, most typically, as a function of my intentions.
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So, if some neuroscientist were to establish that the precise motor-control events that result in my reaching for one specific box are initiated in my brain before I am consciously aware that I have chosen to pick that specific box, would that mean that my action wasn't free? That would be silly. What I did freely, deliberately and responsibly was to pick one sort of food item because doing so fulfils some of my nutrition needs and also satisfies some gustatory preferences of mine. That I used my left or right hand to pick the box, or that I picked this rather than that (identical) box may have resulted from unconscious automatisms or contingencies of the external layout of the items on the shelf. This is irrelevant to the question of the freedom of my choice (i.e. to buy Corn-Flakes) unless we hold that free actions must have all and every features of the bodily movements that accompany them, and all their unintended specificities, under deliberate control.

Which would be true for robots that function analytically - in the sense that each move of a robot needs to be programmed specifically, or the robot won't do it.

The kind of conceptual analysis that would be adequate for the moves of a robot may not be adequate for the moves of a human (and may also differ from one human to another).

For example, for a robot, "walking up the stairs" is a jungle of numbers, letters, electricity, steel and plastic. But what exactly does "walking up the stairs" mean for a human? A sequence of "flex muscle A1 - rest for 0.2 ms - flex muscle A2" etc. etc.? Does it mean something like "Move left foot 0.3m N, then move right foot 0.2m upwards, readjust balance, move right foot onto the stair" etc. etc.?


The second issue I have with the experiment concerns the alleged timing of the intention. The subjects were instructed to report (using the oscilloscope) on the time they were "first aware of the wish or urge to act". This instruction seems incoherent. When you are instructed to perform an action at some random time of your choosing, can you just sit back and wait for the decision to act to occur and then report on that occurrence? No. You wait until, maybe, you feel that waiting any longer would be silly, and then you decide to act... not just yet.... not now... OK now! This decision is something you do -- or have the illusion of doing -- but whether illusory or not, you aren't related to your own 'decision' in the manner of a passive observer. So, what is this "urge to act" you are supposed to report on? It certainly isn't an irresistible urge, like an urge to sneeze. This you could report on. Here, you are the only judge whether pressing the button is urgent or not. In fact there is no compelling reason to press it now rather than wait a few seconds longer.

Exactly. To really prove or disprove free will with that kind of experiment, they would have to time original intentions, as they arise during the day.
This means that the person would need to be connected to the device for measuring brain waves 24/7 (and not feel in any way bothered by it, as being aware that one is measured could affect one's decision-making) and any intentions that may have anything to do with previous intentions or ideas would have to be excluded.

IOW, it appears that the way Libet set up the experiment, it would work to prove or disprove free will in beings that have no memory, no body and do not exist in an environment.


Hence the sequence of events is suppose to proceed as follows: (1) The action is unconsciously initiated, (2) I feel "the urge to act", (3) I optionally veto the act (i.e. I repress it), (3) The action occurs (if not vetoed by consciousness). But this analysis is silly.

It seems like an analysis for robots ...
 
So, if I have gone to work every Monday morning at 8h30 for twenty weeks in a row, some scientist can predict with great accuracy that I will again go to work the following Monday morning...

Yes...but that is a special case. They didn't find that they could predict the whereabouts of just "people with jobs" "during the workday". (93.6% of people don't even have jobs any more.)

The point is, that for all our free will, we behave like little automata, and not even very complicated automata at that, in certain respects.
 
There is more I should say about the possible confusion of (1) the time one chooses to act with (2) the time one makes the choice. This is related to the so called vehicle/content conflation. But that will have to wait for another time.


outstanding
i am muddling thru mele's Effective Intentions: The Power of Conscious Will where he critiques both wegner and libet focusing on pretty much the same points you present

Processes have parts, and the various parts of a process may have more and less proximal initiators. A process that is initiated by an item in the PPG may have a subsequent part that is directly initiated by a consciously made decision. The conscious self -- which need not be understood as something mysterious -- might more proximally initiate a voluntary act that is less proximally initiated by an item in the PPG. Readers who, like me, prefer to use 'self' only as an affix may prefer to say that the acquisition or formation of a relevant proximal intention -- and specifically, an intention that is consciously acquired or formed -- might more proximally initiate an intentional action that is less proximally initiated by an item in the PPG .


for instance, before i walk out of my door in the morning, i already have a rough formulation of what the rest of the day entails. i do not have to consciously initiate an intention to have lunch or file a report. it had already been done by virtue of the fact that i am not spending the day in bed
 
The way I see it, one problem with some explanations for and against free will is that they are too arcane.
I think an explanation in favor that free will exists, or that it does not, should be simple enough for the average person to understand it and apply it, given the relevance of free will.
 
The point is, that for all our free will, we behave like little automata, and not even very complicated automata at that, in certain respects.

Or we just aren't all that used to "be in the moment".

Buddhist meditators, for example, develop an acute awareness of the present moment, and things that average people may do on autopilot, those meditators learn to do a lot more consciously and conscientiously, thus not at all feeling as if they had no free will.

This tells us that we have a lot of potential for free will, but don't necessarily use it or cultivate it.



willusionism - 0
free will - 1
 
It seems like an analysis for robots ...


much of my life does seem like i am autopilot
one of endless repetition

instances of free agency in my life mostly consists of what libet labels "conscious veto" aka "free won't" aka procrastination :D
 
much of my life does seem like i am autopilot
one of endless repetition

instances of free agency in my life mostly consists of what libet labels "conscious veto" aka "free won't" aka procrastination

After having perused a considerable amount of self-help and productivity books and other materials, my views on this matter have changed.

I think our perceptions and ideas of free will are related to how aware we are of the things we do every day.

From my own experience, I know that if I follow those productivity ideas about planning one's day, becoming more assertive, being in the present moment and such, I do have a much more intense, specific, punctual sense of free will, there is a clearer awareness of there being a choice - "I can do this, or I can do that. I can say this, or I can say that."
 
This tells us that we have a lot of potential for free will, but don't necessarily use it or cultivate it.



willusionism - 0
free will - 1

First off, I do believe in free will, I just see no compelling reason to believe other than my own preference and my faith that free will is not an illusion. Second, though, what you state doesn't "tell us" anything. Your explanation for the control and perceptions of monks are, at best, a pro-free will interpretation of what occurs with them. The question of whether there is or is no free will remains unanswerable on a fundamental level at the present time.

Still, it will be interesting to see if science doesn't provide clearer guidance in the future (and then amusing to watch people reject the science—whichever side it may support—in favor of their personal preferences).
 
First off, I do believe in free will, I just see no compelling reason to believe other than my own preference and my faith that free will is not an illusion.

There also seems to be no compelling reason to believe that we don't have free will.


Second, though, what you state doesn't "tell us" anything. Your explanation for the control and perceptions of monks are, at best, a pro-free will interpretation of what occurs with them.

That's why I said "This tells us that we have a lot of potential for free will, but don't necessarily use it or cultivate it."


The question of whether there is or is no free will remains unanswerable on a fundamental level at the present time.

And yet many experience the question as pressing.


Still, it will be interesting to see if science doesn't provide clearer guidance in the future (and then amusing to watch people reject the science—whichever side it may support—in favor of their personal preferences).

I do think that moral considerations can trump scientific ones.
To believe we don't have free will is demoralizing; it is moral to reject that which is demoralizing.
 
First off, I do believe in free will, I just see no compelling reason to believe other than my own preference and my faith that free will is not an illusion. Second, though, what you state doesn't "tell us" anything. Your explanation for the control and perceptions of monks are, at best, a pro-free will interpretation of what occurs with them. The question of whether there is or is no free will remains unanswerable on a fundamental level at the present time.

Still, it will be interesting to see if science doesn't provide clearer guidance in the future (and then amusing to watch people reject the science—whichever side it may support—in favor of their personal preferences).

There are scientists aplenty, and some philosophers also, who believe that it already has been settled scientifically that free-will is impossible. But if those purported proofs of impossibility are premised on faulty interpretations of the scientific data in the light of conceptually flawed characterizations of our ordinary notion of free-will (and also flawed conceptions of laws, explanation and reduction), shouldn't we be amused?

I think many of the 'scientific' arguments that purport to show human free-will to be fundamentally compromised (as opposed to its being merely curtailed in cases of social conditioning or psychopathology) often rely on assumptions similarly found in arguments that purport to show that we can't directly perceive the external world or that we can't know from ordinary observation that other people enjoy 'private' states of consciousness. Those arguments only seem to rely on a modern scientific understanding of the mind. They actually often depend on interpreting scientific results in the light of and old-fashioned philosophically motivated sceptical epistemology.
 
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