What will most probably cause human's extinction?
In the near term, the main serious threat is self-destruction by one means or another. Nuclear or biological warfare, for example. Maybe even a biological
accident of the wrong kind. Another potential threat is meteor impact - like the one that took the dinosaurs out.
In the somewhat longer term, there are other methods of self-destruction that might do the trick, like continuing to mess with the climate of the planet. However, the slope to extinction in that case would be very long and slow. Before extinction, there would like be a long period of mass suffering and diminishment of the human population on Earth.
In the much longer term, maybe the Sun will kill us all, as it heats up, eventually boiling the oceans and then consuming the Earth as a whole. I would hope that some of us will have moved elsewhere before that happens, though.
There will no doubt come a point where the term
Homo sapiens is no longer applicable to the descendents of today's human beings. Barring some catastrophe, we will probably alter ourselves physically and mentally. And if we don't do it ourselves, evolution will do the job for us.
Oh, and I forgot alien invasion.