What is the universe expanding into?
What is the universe expanding into?
http://www.deepastronomy.com/what-is-universe-expanding-into.html
The universe that they are talking about at the start of this video is not the same universe that I talk about in Quantum Wave Cosmology (QWC). My model of the universe is called The Infinite Spongy Universe (ISU) and QWC describes the mechanics of the model in strictly layman terms. I often repeat the disclaimer that QWC is not science and is not supposed to be hints or clues to the scientific community. It is just that there are many questions that science cannot yet answer, and until they get the bugs out, my model simply presents my delusions about a cosmology that is internally consistent and not inconsistent with scientific observations and data.
The following is the narrative from the video with my comments inserted to differentiate my model from the standard model.
The standard model refers to the look of the universe as stated by the cosmological principle, i.e., "it looks pretty much the same everywhere - galaxies are almost evenly distributed across the cosmos - everywhere we look we see about the same number of galaxies.."
The difference is that in my model I invoke what is called the Perfect Cosmological Principle, which adds that the universe has looked pretty much the same for all time. That makes my model a steady state big bang arena multiverse.
My big bang multiverse features an arena landscape across the potentially infinite greater universe, and so though mature arenas like ours have galaxies that are almost evenly distributed within the arena, in the larger view there are "corridors" or ever changing spaces between the active arenas except where expanding arenas are intersecting and overlapping in the greater universe. The statement would read, "it looks pretty much the same everywhere - with many mature galaxy filled expanding arenas, some intersecting and overlapping, and some new arenas forming in the overlaps spaces where arenas converge."
Out of the converging arenas you would see some big crunches forming from the converging galactic material and some big crunches collapsing and bursting (big bangs) into expanding new arenas, each big bang starting the new arena clock at t=0.
My model doesn't have to invoke what seems to be the contrivance of new space. Being a layman, I am able to make my model bow to the intuitive, or I should say what I find intuitive, and to me space is infinite and has always existed, and is tied to energy that cannot be created or destroyed. In my model all space contains wave energy density in a foundational medium; some call it an aether.
If not, my model works as an alternative. It has preexisting space, multiple big bangs, a steady state arena landscape of the greater universe where arenas expand, mature by filling with galaxies, intersect and overlap, and it is in the overlaps where converging galactic material from the contributing arenas collapses into a big crunches and burst into new big bangs arenas.
You could say that I replace spacetime with an infinite foundational medium where matter and energy are composed of waves traversing the medium. Matter is composed of standing wave patterns in the medium, and gravity is the net directional imbalance between the inflowing wave component of the particle standing waves, and the spherical out flowing component. The directional component comes from other objects and the spherical out flowing component comes from the mechanics of quantum action which I describe in my deluded layman terms in my model.
My model too has infinite space, but new space is not being added between galaxies to cause them to separate. The galaxies form from the wave energy of the new arena, wave energy that emerges in the new arena out of the collapse/bang of a big crunch.
Matter forms from the dense state energy of the new arena, and in the standard model the matter forms from what some characterize as a hot dense ball that was present in the first picoseconds of the universe in the standard model.
What is the universe expanding into?
http://www.deepastronomy.com/what-is-universe-expanding-into.html
The universe that they are talking about at the start of this video is not the same universe that I talk about in Quantum Wave Cosmology (QWC). My model of the universe is called The Infinite Spongy Universe (ISU) and QWC describes the mechanics of the model in strictly layman terms. I often repeat the disclaimer that QWC is not science and is not supposed to be hints or clues to the scientific community. It is just that there are many questions that science cannot yet answer, and until they get the bugs out, my model simply presents my delusions about a cosmology that is internally consistent and not inconsistent with scientific observations and data.
The following is the narrative from the video with my comments inserted to differentiate my model from the standard model.
Of course my model agrees that the universe is all there is because that too is my definition of the word. And it is true that there may be other dimensions and boundaries that we cannot see, but my model excludes any other dimensions, and considers our universe to have no boundary, i.e. it is spatially infinite.narrative from video said:The Universe, as far as we know, is all there is. Physics provides no real way for us to ever look anywhere but within it. We are cocooned from any possible communication from other dimensions or alternate realities. Other dimensions may exist and there may even be a boundary to the cosmos, but so far, we've never observed anything remotely resembling one.
Here is where my model begins to differ from the standard view. I agree with the finite amount of time, but that time only applies to our big bang arena. 13.7 billion years is from t=0 in our big bang arena, and my model is a big bang multiverse where every arena has a t=0 in arena time, but the greater universe has always existed and so there is no t=0 universal time.narrative from the video said:On very large scales, the universe is actually a pretty simple place: it has been around for a finite amount of time, roughly 13.5 billion years; it looks pretty much the same everywhere - galaxies are almost evenly distributed across the cosmos - everywhere we look we see about the same number of galaxies;
The standard model refers to the look of the universe as stated by the cosmological principle, i.e., "it looks pretty much the same everywhere - galaxies are almost evenly distributed across the cosmos - everywhere we look we see about the same number of galaxies.."
The difference is that in my model I invoke what is called the Perfect Cosmological Principle, which adds that the universe has looked pretty much the same for all time. That makes my model a steady state big bang arena multiverse.
My big bang multiverse features an arena landscape across the potentially infinite greater universe, and so though mature arenas like ours have galaxies that are almost evenly distributed within the arena, in the larger view there are "corridors" or ever changing spaces between the active arenas except where expanding arenas are intersecting and overlapping in the greater universe. The statement would read, "it looks pretty much the same everywhere - with many mature galaxy filled expanding arenas, some intersecting and overlapping, and some new arenas forming in the overlaps spaces where arenas converge."
Out of the converging arenas you would see some big crunches forming from the converging galactic material and some big crunches collapsing and bursting (big bangs) into expanding new arenas, each big bang starting the new arena clock at t=0.
Spacetime being added between all galaxies is the way the standard cosmology has of saying that the universe is not expanding into existing space, it is creating new space all the time and it is the new space that is causing the expansion.narrative from video said:... it is also big. Very, very big. And its getting bigger. The spacetime between all 100 billion galaxies in the universe is increasing. Like a roiling, seething froth, new, empty spacetime is being created as the universe ages, increasing the distances between the galaxies, pushing them apart.
Since the universe is expanding, it is a natural question to ask, what is it expanding into?
When we peer deep into the cosmos, we cannot see a boundary. So far, we have uncovered no evidence that a boundary exists. Space may extend to infinity or it may not, but in Einstein's universe things can be curved, and if things can be curved, they can be curved in on themselves, twisting and bending the shape of the universe into virutally anything imaginable. General relativity makes it possible to live in an infinite universe with no boundary at all.
My model doesn't have to invoke what seems to be the contrivance of new space. Being a layman, I am able to make my model bow to the intuitive, or I should say what I find intuitive, and to me space is infinite and has always existed, and is tied to energy that cannot be created or destroyed. In my model all space contains wave energy density in a foundational medium; some call it an aether.
I know that is what they say, and it works nicely if the universe began ~14 billion years ago, and if the big bang created space, and if space has been dynamically adding new space since then.narrative from video said:Because of general relativity, spacetime is not a static entity. It is a dynamic and ever-changing fabric within which the locations of all galaxies are woven. Galaxies are not themselves moving very much, but they appear to move to us, because of new, cosmic real estate continually injected, increasing their distance from us.
It is this creation of new spacetime, and the rate at which it is being created, which determines how fast a galaxy appears to be moving away from us.
If not, my model works as an alternative. It has preexisting space, multiple big bangs, a steady state arena landscape of the greater universe where arenas expand, mature by filling with galaxies, intersect and overlap, and it is in the overlaps where converging galactic material from the contributing arenas collapses into a big crunches and burst into new big bangs arenas.
You could say that I replace spacetime with an infinite foundational medium where matter and energy are composed of waves traversing the medium. Matter is composed of standing wave patterns in the medium, and gravity is the net directional imbalance between the inflowing wave component of the particle standing waves, and the spherical out flowing component. The directional component comes from other objects and the spherical out flowing component comes from the mechanics of quantum action which I describe in my deluded layman terms in my model.
This section of the narrative explains that even if spacetime is being added to cause the separation of the galaxies, that could still be a fact in an infinite universe, because new space added to infinite space still equals infinite space.narrative from video said:So what is the universe expanding into? When new spacetime is created, into what do the edges go? The answer depends on whether or not there are edges.
If we live in an infinite universe, then the answer has to be nothing. Adding more fabric to infinity doesn't make more infinity. An infinite universe would have no edges that expand and the question is meaningless. In such a universe, there would be no 'outside'.
My model too has infinite space, but new space is not being added between galaxies to cause them to separate. The galaxies form from the wave energy of the new arena, wave energy that emerges in the new arena out of the collapse/bang of a big crunch.
Matter forms from the dense state energy of the new arena, and in the standard model the matter forms from what some characterize as a hot dense ball that was present in the first picoseconds of the universe in the standard model.
Not so fast there, lol. If we are expanding into something, there could be other big bang arenas like ours expanding into the same something; lets call that "something" preexisting space. Then you have my model and its potentially infinite arena landscape. If there were other arenas converging with ours the clues might exist in the WMAP data, and in fact there are anomolies in the data that some attribute to another arena intersecting with ours (check Dark Flow).narrative from video said:On the other hand, if the universe is finite, with a boundary that we have not yet discovered, then the answer may be that we are expanding into something. If that is true however, then the boundary is so far away that we cannot see it and it can therefore never, ever affect us. We have already seen photons that have been travelling since the universe was only 500 million years old. Anything much further away lies beyond our detection forever. Given that our universe is expanding - if we cannot see the boundary now, this expansion guarantees we never will - it will forevermore get further and further away. it will always lie beyond our detection.
My model describes a different universe from the standard model, but it is the same observable universe, the same Hubble view, but without spacetime, and with infinite space filled with wave energy density across a potentially infinite foundational medium.narrative from video said:Only one hundred years ago, we had no idea there were other galaxies besides our own. It was thought that humanity and the galaxy we inhabit was an island, adrift in a universe of 100 billion stars. We now know that our universe is a vast, dynamic cauldron of activity: home to 100 billion galaxies, all racing away within a boiling ocean of spacetime. While we may yet find our universe is just an island, we have discovered it is much larger than we ever thought. (end of video)