So its a constitutional right to own a gun but not everyone has the right to own one?
The 2nd Amendment only applies to the militia. The current militia act, the
Militia Act of 1958, defines the militia as:
(a) The militia of the United States consists of all able-bodied males at least 17 years of age and, except as provided in section 313 of title 32, under 45 years of age who are, or who have made a declaration of intention to become, citizens of the United States and of female citizens of the United States who are members of the National Guard.
(b) The classes of the militia are—
- the organized militia, which consists of the National Guard and the Naval Militia; and
- the unorganized militia, which consists of the members of the militia who are not members of the National Guard or the Naval Militia.
#2 is where most recreational gun owners fall under. They are not in the military, but if they are able-bodied males between 17 and 45, they are part of the unorganized militia and are protected under the 2nd Amendment.
That is my understanding of things, at least.
S.A.M. said:
Is this true for all guns? Are there guns for which you do not need a licence or age requirement?
This is a very complex question and its answers rely heavily upon what state (and sometimes city) you live in. Federal firearm laws, in addition to the 1968 GCA I linked to above, also regulate things like machine guns, suppressors (what are often erroneously called "silencers"), short-barreled rifles (less than 16"), etc. You can still buy a machinegun or a suppressor for your pistol, but you need to fill out a bunch more paperwork, pay some fees, and additional taxes. Federal law also regulates the transfer of firearms between different states and mandates that dealers order criminal background checks for every purchase and a 10 day waiting period before delivery of the firearm to the purchaser. There are more, but you get the idea.
On top of the Federal laws, states impose restrictions on who can carry a concealed firearm, what type of license you need to do so, and what it takes to get that license. Some states also have more restrictions on specific types of firearms and high capacity magazines that more or less resemble the now-defunct 1994 Assault Weapons Ban. The AWB was a Federal law that expired in 2004 and did not get enough support in Congress to be renewed, so in response, some of the less "gun friendly" states simply plagiarized the AWB and made it a state law. Gun control is by and large a state issue. Federal gun laws get into the territory of states' rights, which is unsavory territory for a lot of voters and politicians.
Municipal laws, like the DC gun ban, are not very common. Only New York, Chicago, and San Francisco have similar laws, and after this precedent I'm sure their days are numbered.
As for not needing a license or age requirement; you need to be 18 to buy a long gun (rifle or shotgun) and 21 to buy a handgun. Purchasing an air rifle, CO2 pistol, etc. usually requires that you be 18 as well, but I think that is a state thing. There is no Federal license requirement to own a gun, but a few states do have license requirements for ownership.
The NRA keeps a good reference for both Federal and state laws:
http://www.nraila.org/GunLaws/