That sort of attitude (by the Indonesian government) contributes a great deal to the friction between atheists/westerners and Muslims. If people won't let you criticize their ideas and beliefs, it means they're insecure, because they know their beliefs are founded on weak principles and are afraid of seeing them challenged by rational thinking. As I've said before, good ideas don't need violence and discrimination to defeat bad ideas, they win based on merit alone.
I'm a bit surprised with seeing what you wrote, because SAM's always told us how Indonesia represents a particularly enlightened, pacifist sect of Islam that doesn't compel anyone to follow it by force. I complained that we in the west welcome and tolerate immigrants and visitors from every corner of the globe along with their unique traditions and cultures, and that few if any Muslim countries reciprocate with equal openness. Indonesia was the counterexample she attempted to use.
Actually the insecurity of the goverment stem from the country's dark history. In 1965, the Communist Party in Indonesia (PKI, which previously wanted to change the country into Soviet Republic of Indonesia) did coup which involved the killing of army generals and their families. They wanted to change the Republic into an atheistic communist country. I have posted something about it in
another thread:
In 1965, there was a kudeta (I don't know how the English spelling of that, also I think it was a French word), where a communist party (it's called PKI = Partai Komunis Indonesia) rebelling the government by kidnapping and killing 6 army generals, taking control of the mass media and communication, and caught the President of the Republic as weel. They thrown the bodies of the six general into a crocodile well (dude, there wasn't really crocodile there, but it was an empty well which name is "lobang buaya" (crocodile well)), besides killing also the whole families of the army generals. The event was known as Gestapo 30 S PKI (means 30th September (1965) PKI rebellion, more or less).
PKI was a communist AND the only ATHEIST political party, and was in close relation with the Soviet communism leaders. The PKI wanted to change the country into an atheist communist society. Therefroe, shortly after the army took back the control from the PKI (involving the chaos of mass killing of nearly half million PKI members), the government officially ban PKI and atheism. The goevernment also only allow the 6 religions (Islam, protestan, catholic, buddhism, hinduism, and konghucu) as the only religions that can be practiced in the country. There is a constituion related with that, issued in 1965 (article 39 of the 1965 consitutiion).
Most of the older generations are still traumatized with the PKI Gestapo. Also, each year, every 30 September night, whole national televisions will air the same program about the gestapo video. So, hope that explains it.
p.s..: oh, btw, if you happened to visit my country, it's better you avoid the topic of PKI or atheism with strangers. It's like discussing Nazism in Germany. Kinda taboo.
This is why the people in my country are afraid of atheism and communism (although I think these two are mutually exclusive). The laws which regulate the religious practices specifically ban certain religious activities.
The Law on the prevention of religion abuse 1/PNPS/1965, for example, specifies that the official acceptable faiths to be practiced in the countries are: Islam, Protestant, Catholic, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism (sorry, that wiki link is written in Indonesian, and as I switch to the English version, it isn't about the same topic).
Then, there is also
Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 (
it is a pdf, in Indonesian) about the citizenship administration, which basically says that citizens who doesn't belong to the official religions can't apply for citizen ID (in citizen ID, your religion is written). You know what happened when you have no citizen ID, means you can't apply for bank account, driving license, passport, etc. There is no "none" option in the religion part of the citizen ID application form, and you aren't allowed to leave it blank either
So if you are an atheist by faith, just pick one religion randomly
There is no following consequences by stating that you are muslim, christian, or whatever. That's just it.
There are a number of
cases of imprisonment of vocal figures which questioning this situation. For example, HB Jassin publish a short novel (1968) whose character was an atheist (the character in the novel, not himself, is an atheist), and he is jailed for that. Then, Arswendo Atmowiloto (1999) making questionnaire about the most admired figures (I wasn't sure what's wrong with the questionnaire, but this was seen as against religious law), he was also jailed for that. One guy, Yusman Roy (2005) introducing how to pray in bilingual way (Indonesian and Arabic) and the Lia Eden mocking the Quran (2006, 2008), both are currently in jail also for those activities.
This doesn't mean that our country is extremely oppresive though. Our democracy is only 12 years old, because from 1965-1998, we have only one same president (reign for 33 years) which established those religious laws. He was however quite respected, because during his regime the country is kind of peaceful and economically stronger. When he reigned, 1 USD ~ 2000 Rupiah, after he left we had this inflation up to 1 USD ~ 10000 Rupiah; the current level is 1 USD ~ 9000 Rupiah (current government is doing good job each and everyday).
Or maybe it's the USD that is weakening.....
There was an
ongoing discussion in the constitutional court (this time the link is in English, see below) to remove some discriminative religious laws, but I think it's going to be a long way (it has been rejected by the court). Our soceity is quite conservative.
Indonesia rejects religions law review
By Karishma Vaswani
BBC News, Jakarta
Monday, 19 April 2010
Human Rights groups have criticised Indonesia's decision to uphold the controversial 1967 blasphemy law.
They say it threatens religious freedom in the most populous Muslim nation.
On Monday, Indonesia's constitutional court decided in favour of the law, thwarting hopes it would be reviewed to allow new religions and sects.
Only six faiths are officially recognised in Indonesia - Catholic and Protestant Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Confucianism.
The international rights watchdog, Human Rights Watch says Indonesia's Constitutional court has dealt a blow to religious freedom with its decision to uphold the blasphemy law.
Limits to freedom
"The Constitutional Court's decision on the blasphemy law poses a real threat to the beliefs of Indonesia's religious minorities," said Elaine Pearson, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch.
"If President Yudhoyono is serious about promoting religious pluralism in Indonesia, he should work to have this law and others like it taken off the books," she said.
The group added that the decision could threaten the rights of minorities in the world's most populous Muslim nation.
According to reports the US Commission on International Religious Freedom said that blasphemy laws often cause tension between religious communities.
If Indonesia's constitutional court had overturned the law, other religions would have been allowed to practice freely here.
Conservative groups feared this would open the door to liberal interpretations of Islam being recognised.
In Indonesia both the Sunni and Shia forms of Islam are accepted, but opponents say the law remains unfair and vague.
They say that in its current form it can be used to discriminate against religious groups that fundamentalist Muslim groups dislike.
The majority of Indonesia's 235 million strong population are moderate Sunni Muslims, with a reputation for tolerance.
Omg, this has to be the longest post I have ever written