Hell, I know Muslims who think the Qur'an was handed to Mohammad from Allah! They have no idea that it was written by many unknown people, rewritten by some other unknown people and then finally canonized on some day at some time in some year by some people all of which no one has the faintest idea who what where and when.
Funny how uneducated people are isn't it?
Michael
maybe I would accept them?So what about all the quotations that don't support that "piece of history"? On what basis do you reject them?
Which statement.Since you are so educated, please provide concrete irrefutable proof of your statements.
Which statement.
Will Abdullah Yusuf Ali's The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an do?Oh so Alexander is in the Quran?
Who exactly was it that said Dhu'l Qurnain may be Alexander, do you know?
Pre-Arab conquest of the cities along the eastern Mediterranean sea, there was a long history of Greek and then Greco-Roman artisans. Some of the best marble sculptures in the world. Post-Arab conquest most of city dwelling artisans were either killed, starved or reduced to subsistence farming. The craftsmanship was lost.
During the Middle East Golden Age (or Arab Golden Age - as some prefer) there is a distinct loss of the human form (human body) in art. Almost 1000 years prior we have Mediterranean artists producing this in 100 BCE "Laocoön and His Sons" in a matter of a few centuries.
Well chuuushm which do you think the more advanced? The Polytheistic Golden Age or the Islamic Golden Age?
Oh and chuuush, I had a question for you. Which major cities were founded and built by Arab Muslims?
Thanks
Michael
Here are some from wiki for you:
1. Milani A. Lost Wisdom. 2004 ISBN 0934211906 p.15
2. Mohammad Mohammadi Malayeri, Tarikh-i Farhang-i Iran (Iran's Cultural History). 4 volumes. Tehran. 1982.
3. ʻAbd al-Ḥusayn Zarrīnʹkūb (1379 (2000)). Dū qarn-i sukūt : sarguz̲asht-i ḥavādis̲ va awz̤āʻ-i tārīkhī dar dū qarn-i avval-i Islām (Two Centuries of Silence). Tihrān: Sukhan. OCLC 46632917, ISBN 964-5983-33-6.
4. a b Lewis, Bernard. Iran in history. Tel Aviv University. Retrieved on 2007-04-03.
5. The Events of the Seventh Year of Migration. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Retrieved on 2007-04-03.
6. Leone Caetani, Annali dell' Islam, vol. 4, p. 74
7. Leone Caetani, Annali dell' Islam, vol. 2, chapter 1, paragraph 45-46
8. Tabaqat-i Kubra, vol. I, page 360; Tarikh-i Tabari, vol. II, pp. 295, 296; Tarikh-i Kamil, vol. II, page 81 and Biharul Anwar, vol. XX, page 389
9. Iran. Encyclopædia Britannica.
10. Bashear 1997, p. 117.
11. Frye, R.N (1975). The Golden Age of Persia. ISBN 1-84212-011-5.
12. Tabari. Series I. pp. 2778–9.
13. What is Persian?. The center for Persian studies.
14. Bashear, Suliman — Arabs and Others in Early Islam, Darwin Press, 1997
15. Daniel, Elton — The History of Iran, Greenwood Press, 2001
16. Donner, Fred — The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton, 1981
17. M. Ismail Marcinkowski, Persian Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India and Early Ottoman Turkey, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth, member of the British Academy, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2003, ISBN 9971-77-488-7.
18. Sicker, Martin — The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna, Praeger, 2000
19. Zarrin’kub, Abd al-Husayn — Ruzgaran : tarikh-i Iran az aghz ta saqut saltnat Pahlvi, Sukhan, 1999. ISBN 964-6961-11-8
20. Arab Conquest of Iran, pp. 203–10, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Will Abdullah Yusuf Ali's The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an do?
"This is the first of the three episodes here mentioned, his expedition to the west, 'reaching the setting of the sun', does not mean the extreme west, for there is no such thing. West and East are relative terms. It means a western expedition terminated by 'a spring of murky water.' this has puzzled commentators ,and they have understood this to mean a dark, temestuous sea if Zul-Qarnain is Alexander the Great, the reference is easily understood to be to Lychnitis (now Ochrida), west of Macedonia. It is fed entirely by underground springs in a limestone region, where the water is never very clear" A. Yusuf Ali's commentary footnote 2430.
if Zul-Qarnain is Alexander the Great
if Zul-Qarnain is Alexander the Great
if Zul-Qarnain is Alexander the Great