That's the way Einstein used it.Since the domain of this discussion is Quantum Mechanics, you should perhaps be a little wary of using the term "state" in your own way - in QM a state is extremely well-defined, and cannot be used the way you use it.
Einstein said what he said.Moreover you don't specify what you mean by "space".
No. I'm referring to space as in physics and cosmology. Not to some mathematical abstraction.The space of QM is an Hilbert space of square integrable functions, is this the space you are referring to?
Because if it was uniform your test particle would either just sit there or continue in uniform motion. And then you'd say there was no field there.Why non-uniform?
No.Do you mean a field "usually" takes on different values at different points in whatever space you are referring to?
Your definition of a field is not how Einstein described a field.Neither does anyone else - a field, by definition, assigns a single value (scalar, vector, tensor,......) to each point in some chosen space.
Einstein described a gravitational field as a place where space was neither homogeneous nor isotropic.And what has the gravitational field got to do with the present discussion?
Please do.PS I will explain your Einstein quote if you want - but you probably won't