Well, as far as some list, here's what the "threaded forum system" has come up with (so far, ...yawn):
Viral genomes are something that (is or can):
- survive quite a large amount of time in inert form
- are organized as they are because they've evolved
- carry key proteins within themselves
- persist, reproduce, and possess functional structures. (Which persist due to their ability to co-opt a host cell.)
- contain their own transcriptases which are notoriously prone to error. (This gives them a mutability advantage.)
- made of a multitude of complex interacting moving parts
- evolve much the same way everything else does
"... the set of all things that are capable of persistence, via metabolism and reproduction of material that is required to maintain their structure, and also represent that structure (again as structure). The structures are actively maintained and this requires energy.
The chemicals involved are from a specific set - amino acids for example, but also a host of organic chemicals and organometallic compounds. Lipids, amphoteric compounds, variously polar organic chemicals; it's a large list, but not an open one.
The structures are functional. A characteristic of living organisms is that they separate energy-carrying substances and electric charge - compartmentalisation is important, and separation involves membranes, which are porous.
Some of the openings function as active channels, that pump ions against a gradient, using stored energy.
This is possible (the active creation of an energy potential) because of the structures and the way they function and are under the control of the cell. Regulatory mechanisms are important. "Lifeforms" regulate the flow of free energy in the environment."
Viral "lifeforms" don't respire, or regulate energy, they harness, or use it by presenting their genome to a metabolising cell,
"...enzymes function because of their physical structure.
Chemical rules apply and are mandatory based upon the environment in which they take place. The definition of random is important to the question of whether or not viruses are alive." But why?
Random.
What do most people understand a random process or "chance" as? Randomness, in its true form is chaos - unpredictability.
Chance isn't chaotic - it's probabilistic - predictable. It has a certain expectation or uncertainty, right?