Chinese Scholar Yang Jian liang Putting Wrongs to Rights in Astrophysics

heyuhua said:
If not associated with space-time expansion, there is no reasonable solution to explain the continuous creation of matter，in other words, the continuous creation of matter is a cosmological problem. We seem to be solving the problem of continuous creation of matter, in fact proving that the singularity of the Big Bang does not exist. Particle physics must be combined with cosmology in order to have a real future, this is to say, develop particle physics by explaining the microscopic mechanism of material creation, rather than constraining cosmology with current particle physics conclusions, must understand that our particle physics is based on a small range of experiments in a short period of time, there must be a lot of limitations. In short, it is not possible to use current knowledge of particle physics to explain the continuous creation of matter，and it can be expected that particle physics will be greatly developed in an attempt to explain the continuous creation of matter

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As per last para in #750, there is a very well experimentally verified requirement for energy-to-matter conversion: pair production: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_production
Can you cite a single example where creation of say an electron is not always accompanied by a conjugate positron? In any given particle collision event, collision energy may be sufficient to create a single particle, say a charged particle, but CPT symmetry requirements don't allow it. It's not possible to create even a single atom of just hydrogen via energy-to-matter conversion. With extreme care, the best to hope for would be an atom of hydrogen and anti-hydrogen. Via a very difficult containment and selective interaction route for the anti-proton and positron conjugates of proton and electron which must have also been created initially. Sooner or later, the delicately prepared and isolated anti-hydrogen atom would annihilate with matter and only radiation remains.

If your mitosis theory is true, it needs to explain why and how established particle physics CPT symmetry rules can be flouted to allow ordinary molecular matter to preferentially be generated.
 
Q-reeus said:
As per last para in #750, there is a very well experimentally verified requirement for energy-to-matter conversion: pair production: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_production
Can you cite a single example where creation of say an electron is not always accompanied by a conjugate positron? In any given particle collision event, collision energy may be sufficient to create a single particle, say a charged particle, but CPT symmetry requirements don't allow it. It's not possible to create even a single atom of just hydrogen via energy-to-matter conversion. With extreme care, the best to hope for would be an atom of hydrogen and anti-hydrogen. Via a very difficult containment and selective interaction route for the anti-proton and positron conjugates of proton and electron which must have also been created initially. Sooner or later, the delicately prepared and isolated anti-hydrogen atom would annihilate with matter and only radiation remains.

If your mitosis theory is true, it needs to explain why and how established particle physics CPT symmetry rules can be flouted to allow ordinary molecular matter to preferentially be generated.
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the mitosis of the nucleon is the result of the work done by the space-time expansion force on the nucleon, that is, it is a cosmological effect，this effect can only turn out on a large scale and over a large period of time, and there is no contradiction with the usual conservation laws, which is established without considering the expansion of space-time, or say that the usual laws of conservation reflects physical phenomena in a small range and in a short period of time , and need to make corresponding changes in a large scale and a large period of time. In short, although nuclear mitosis cannot be proved by existing particle physics， they're not contradicting
 
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You can also think about the creation of nucleons in this way. The negative pressure in celestial bodies is equal to the negative energy field, tith the expansion of time and space, Particle and antiparticle turn out at the same time, the antiparticle is in a negative energy level, not observable, and the particle is in a positive energy level.The sum of energy of particles and antiparticles is zero, corresponding to P+ rou (density)=0. When a few antiparticles move to a positive energy level, they become observable antiparticles. so, not noly explains the generation of particles, but also the asymmetry of positive and antimatter
 
You can also think about the creation of nucleons in this way. The negative pressure in celestial bodies is equal to the negative energy field, and with the expansion of time-space, particle and antiparticle turn out at the same time, the antiparticle is in a negative energy level, not observable, and the particle is in a positive energy level.The sum ofenergy of particles and antiparticles is zero, corresponding to the relation P+ rou (density)=0. When a few antiparticles transit to a positive energy level, they become observable antiparticles. So, not noly explains the generation of particles, but also the asymmetry of positive and antimatter
 
NotEinstein thought that the theory that the majority supported or approved was truth, which was obviously wrong. The front of truth was often first recognized by a few and then drove everyone. Besides, there was no absolutely correct truth. Truth has evolved from the lower to the higher, and that inflexible point of view has always been a hindrance to the progress of science.
 
My theory was further validated，Martínez-Lombilla and her team saw galaxies are expanding
Observing similar galaxies could provide clues to our own rate of inflation.

By Amber Jorgenson | Published: Tuesday, April 3, 2018

A team of researchers looked at NCG 4565, a galaxy similar in size and structure to our own, to estimate the Milky Way’s rate of expansion.

Ken Crawford
Hundreds of billions of stars make up the barred spiral galaxy that we call home. The Milky Way’s 100,000 light-year diameter houses stars of different masses, luminosities, and ages, with new stars constantly being added to the mix. Star formation isn’t showing signs of slowing down, and this includes births at the outer edges of the galaxy. Could these young stars forming near the galactic edge be expanding the size of the Milky Way?

A team of researchers, led by Ph.D. candidate Cristina Martínez-Lombilla of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Spain, presented research supporting this idea at the European Week of Astronomy and Space Science on April 3.

Older, lower-mass stars are abundant near the galaxy’s center and in the halo that looms around the Milky Way’s disk, while younger stars form within the disk itself (the spiral arms). Because some of these hotbeds for star formation lie near the disk’s edge, the researchers set out to study how these new additions could impact the Milky Way’s dimensions.

However, the issue with studying the expansion of the Milky Way is our location — a comprehensive viewpoint is difficult to obtain when you’re within the object of observation. To get a clearer perspective, the researchers studied nearby spiral galaxies with similar properties to our own. In particular, they set their sights on NGC 4565, a galaxy with a 100,000 light-year diameter estimated to be between 30 and 50 million light-years from Earth.

Martínez-Lombilla and her team used a combination of space- and ground-based telescopes to observe star activity on the outer edges of NCG 4565’s disk. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey telescope allowed them to collect optical data, while the Spitzer and GALEX space telescopes gathered near-infrared and near-UV data, enabling them to see the motions and colors of the distant stars.

They measured the light emitted from these areas to determine the types of stars present, which were mainly young blue stars, and also measured their movement within the region to determine how long it takes them to start traveling outward. Their calculations show that, based on star motions, galaxies similar to the Milky Way are expanding by about 1,640 feet (500 meters) per second.

“The Milky Way is pretty big already. But our work shows that at least the visible part of it is slowly increasing in size, as stars form on the galactic outskirts. It won’t be quick, but if you could come back and look in 3 billion years’ time the galaxy would be about 5 percent bigger than it is today,” said Martínez-Lombilla in a press release.

Looking even further down the line, the Milky Way’s borders are expected to change significantly during its anticipated collision with the Andromeda Galaxy. But that won’t likely occur for another 4 billion years, so until then, we can continue to observe galaxies similar to our own to obtain even more detailed and definitive data about the Milky Way’s immediate future.
 
Yang's cosmological theory is approved

Galaxies are growing means galaxies to come from gradually growing, the size of galaxies tended to be zero at the moment of Big Bang, and until today they have been growing bigger and larger. Cristina Martínez-Lombilla's measurements give our work great support and fits exactly the new theory YANG built up by remodeling Hoyle's steady cosmology and Big Bang cosmology. According to the new theory, not only does the space between galaxies expand following the Hubble law, but also the galaxies theirselves expand following the Hubble law, meanwhile new matter continuously generate in celestial bodies, and celestial bodies are getting bigger and brighter too.
Note that galaxies never grow by absorbing foreign matter. If so, it would absorb foreign matter not only at the edge, but anywhere on the disk, and the structure of the spiral arm would be destroyed, and the galaxies would be spherical or ellipsoid, wouldn't be like this. So the matter in galaxies must generate in celestial bodies inside the galaxies, as the universe expands galaxies grow. The galaxy seen today in the magnifying glass is the real galaxy a few years later, and the space seen today in the magnifying glass is the actual space several years later. In a word, everything is expanding simultaneously, and the expansion of the universe is the need for galaxy growth, and nature is connected and unified

According to the new theory, stars are gradually transformed from the planets ( celestial bodies become larger and bigger, and begin to glow gradually ). So so-called old stars are actually new stars , and the new stars are actually the old stars. Although the concept needs to be adjusted, it does not affect the conclusion that galaxies are growing，it's sufficient that just think that its birthplace is not in its present position.

Besides, Yang's new theory predicts that the distance between the sun and the earth increases by 9 meters a year, and four billion years ago, the sun's brightness was only 10% of today, and the radius of the earth increases by 0.5 mm per year, its mass increases by 1.2 trillion tons, and the acceleration of gravity on the earth's surface increases gradually, and the distance between the moon and the earth increases by 2.7 centimeters per year due to space-time expansion, the tides increased the distance between the moon and the earth by only 1.2 cm, and the Milky way's radius is expanding at a speed of 987 meters/sec, the rate of expansion Cristina Martínez-Lombilla measured could be too small.
 
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Chinese scholar Jian Liang YANG unified Hoyle cosmology and Big Bang cosmology, absorb their essence and remove their dregs.

According to the new theory built up by Yang, not only does the space between galaxies expand following the Hubble law, but also the galaxies theirselves expand following the Hubble law, meanwhile new matter continuously generate in celestial bodies, and celestial bodies are getting bigger and brighter too. Yang's theory has been preliminarily confirmed by present observations
 
heyuhua said:
Chinese scholar Jian Liang YANG unified Hoyle cosmology and Big Bang cosmology, absorb their essence and remove their dregs.

According to the new theory built up by Yang, not only does the space between galaxies expand following the Hubble law, but also the galaxies theirselves expand following the Hubble law, meanwhile new matter continuously generate in celestial bodies, and celestial bodies are getting bigger and brighter too. Yang's theory has been preliminarily confirmed by present observations
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Are you Jian Liang Yang?
 
What's the mechanism by which new matter is created in celestial bodies?
 
James R said:
What's the mechanism by which new matter is created in celestial bodies?
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The expansion's force of the universe overcomes the negative pressure in celestial body to do work and increases the energy of the celestial body. By strict calculation, the increase in the mass of the celestial body satisfies the dm=-pdv, where the pressure p =-D, D is the density of the celestial body, so when the celestial body expands, the mass increases. The celestial body expands at equal density
 
heyuhua said:
，
The expansion's force of the universe overcomes the negative pressure in celestial body to do work and increases the energy of the celestial body. By strict calculation, the increase in the mass of the celestial body satisfies the dm=-pdv, where the pressure p =-D, D is the density of the celestial body, so when the celestial body expands, the mass increases. The celestial body expands at equal density
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Let's see, dimensions of pressure are (ML/T²) /L² = M/LT². Dimensions of density are M/L³.

So to set p =-D would appear, on the face of it, scientifically illiterate. You need a proportionality constant equivalent to the square of a velocity, do you not? As in E=mc², for example. Do you mean -pdv = c²dm, as in Einstein's formula for relating mass and energy?
 
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