In animals, energy isn't generated at a central power generation organ and then distributed around the body by wires. Energy is generated wherever it's needed by cellular metabolism. So the brain generates its own energy. What is distributed around the body are sugars in the blood stream. Digestion breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars like glucose and fructose, which act like gasoline/petrol for cells. Some organs (the brain among them) use more of this than others.
Evolution does have an effect on energy requirements in the body. There's an interesting discussion of sloths in this week's
New Scientist. Sloths eat leaves which are a very low nutrition food-source. So they have evolved to use as little energy as possible. They hang passively from tree limbs by their hook-like claws. They rarely move and then only very slowly. (Which has the added benefit of making them more difficult to perceive by predators that are attracted by rapid movements.) And I'd guess that their brains take a larger share of nutrients than is typical for most animals. Animals that move rapidly (birds come to mind) doubtless devote a larger percentage of the sugars in their blood to their muscles.
So conceivably, if human evolution continues to favor brain over brawn, our temporal successors might have bigger brains that consume more body resources and less developed musculature.
For example, these.