THE TECHNICAL DEFINITION of artificial intelligence is the science of designing machines that can simulate human intelligence by showing conversational capability similar to that of humans (and, to some extent, the ability to "understand" human thinking). The best known gauge of whether a machine is intelligent is the Turing test, proposed by the scientist Alan Turing in 1950. The test measures whether a human judge can tell the difference between a machine and a human while engaging in a natural-language conversation with both in a situation where all participants are isolated from one another. Today, however, the term artificial intelligence is used to describe anything from pattern and voice recognition to genetic programming. In addition to its grounding in computer science, AI borrows heavily from disciplines such as cognitive psychology, mathematics, semantics, linguistics, and philosophy.
http://www.thejournal.com/articles/23927
The Top500 supercomputer list is computing's game of leapfrog, where hardware vendors one-up each other in the performance space. IBM, which has long dominated the list, is about to put itself far, far ahead of anything ever seen on that list or promised.
Now, IBM and the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration will build a pair of supercomputers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the same facility where its BlueGene/L is housed. BlueGene/L dominated the the list for years until last summer when another IBM supercomputer, Roadrunner, bumped it from the top spot.
More News
Sequoia, due to be delivered in 2011 and operational in 2012, will be a 20 petaflop system that fits into just 3,500 square feet, roughly the same size as BlueGene/L, but it will have 40 times the compute power, according to Dave Turek, vice president of Deep Computing at IBM. The second supercomputer, Dawn, will be shipped this year and run at 500 teraflops, making it a Top 10 contender for the Top 500 list and making it about equal to BlueGene/L in terms of performance.
When deployed in two years, Sequoia will represent a huge leap forward in supercomputing. The current top performer, Roadrunner, is an IBM machine at the Los Alamos National Laboratory that is just barely over the one petaflop limit.
Up to now, the most ambitious future design has been Pleiades, a supercomputer designed by Intel and SGI and deployed at NASA's Moffet Field facilities. It will be a one petaflop machine when completed this year and NASA hopes to reach 10 petaflops by 2012.
Sequoia will be based on future IBM BlueGene technology and use 1.6 million IBM POWER processors and 1.6 terabytes of memory, which will be housed in 96 refrigerator-sized racks. Turek said the final specs on the processor have not been settled, so he could not say if it would use POWER6 or some derivative. BlueGene/L, for example, uses the much older PowerPC 440 processor but achieved its performance through scale.
http://www.serverwatch.com/news/article.php/3800426