Here is part of the text. sorry Goffy. hope you won't condense this. I had to put it in because some people here don't like reading. They're blind and listen to Fox and CNN.
UN Report on Humanitarian Crisis ~ March 30, 1999
Source:
http://www.un.org/Depts/oip/panelrep.html
More UN Reports available at Epic's Resource Page
Economic and Social Indicators
Before Sanctions
Iraq's GDP may have fallen by nearly two-thirds in 1991, owing to an 85% decline in oil production and the devastation of the industrial and services sectors of the economy. Per capita income fell from 3,416 US dollars in 1984 to 1,500 in 1991 and has decreased to less than 1.036 in 1998. Other sources estimate a decrease in per capita GDP to as low as 450 US dollars in 1995.
Iraq's social and economic indicators were generally above the regional and developing country averages.
GDP in 1989 stood at 75.5 billion for a population of 18.3 million.
GDP growth had averaged 10.4% from 1974 to 1980. By 1988 GDP per capita totaled 3,510 US dollars.
With oil accounting for 60% of the country's GDP and 95% of foreign currency earnings, Iraq's economy was heavily dependent on the external sector and sensitive to oil price fluctuations.
In the early 1980's Iraq had been producing as many as 3.5 million barrels per day (BPD), but that amount declined to 2.8 million by 1989.
After
Iraq's GDP may have fallen by nearly two-thirds in 1991, owing to an 85% decline in oil production and the devastation of the industrial and services sectors of the economy. Per capita income fell from 3,416 US dollars in 1984 to 1,500 in 1991 and has decreased to less than 1.036 in 1998. Other sources estimate a decrease in per capita GDP to as low as 450 US dollars in 1995.
Oil for Food Deal: Although Iraq is exporting more oil than ever since 1991, revenue remains insufficient due to a negative correlation linking low oil prices, delays in obtaining spare parts for the oil industry and general obsolescence of oil infrastructure. The present ceiling of 5.2 billion US dollars [every 6 months] is not being met, with exports generating a maximum of 3.1 billion dollars.
It would take approximately 1.2 billion US dollars to ensure a gradual and sustainable increase in the production of crude oil in Iraq so as to allow for production levels to reach 3.000.000 BPD. The full rehabilitation of Iraq's oil industry, however, would require several billion dollars.
If and when sanctions are lifted, it will take a long time before the infrastructure is repaired and the economy recovers
Health of Women and Children
Before Sanctions
A major reduction of young child mortality took place from 1960 to 1990, with the infant mortality rate at 65 per 1.000 live births in 1989 (1991 Human Development Report average for developing countries was 76 per- 1.000 live births).
After
The maternal mortality rate increased from 50/100.000 live births in 1989 to 117/100.000 in 1997. The under-five child mortality rate increased from 30.2/1000 live births to 97.2/1000 during the same period.
Low birth weight babies (less than 2.5 kg) rose from 4% in 1990 to around a quarter of registered births in 1997, due mainly to maternal malnutrition.
As many as 70% of Iraqi women are suffering from anemia.
Water and Sanitation Networks
Before Sanctions
Before 1991, the South and Center of Iraq had a well developed water and sanitation system comprising over two hundred water treatment plants for urban areas and 1200 compact water treatment plants to serve rural areas, as well as an extensive distribution network.
WHO estimates that 90% of the population had access to an abundant quantity of safe drinking water.
There were modern mechanical means of collection and sanitary disposal.
After
In addition to the scarcity of resources, malnutrition problems also seem to stem from the massive deterioration in basic infrastructure, in particular in the water-supply and waste disposal systems.
The most vulnerable groups have been the hardest hit, especially children under five years of age who are being exposed to unhygienic conditions, particularly in urban centers.
The WFP estimates that access to potable water is currently 50% of the 1990 level in urban areas and only 33% in rural areas.
Food Production and Availability
Before Sanctions
Up to 1990, domestic food production represented only one third of total consumption for most essential food items, with the balance covered by imports.
Dietary energy supply averaged 3.120 kilo calories per capita/per day.
Due to its relative prosperity Iraq had the capacity to import large quantities of food, which met up to two thirds of its requirements at an average estimated cost of 2.5 billion US dollars a year, although in poor production years the food bill could rise to 3 billion.
After
The dietary energy supply had fallen from 3.120 to 1.093 kilo calories per capita/per day by 1994-95.
The prevalence of malnutrition in Iraqi children under five almost doubled from 1991 to 1996 (from 12% to 23%). Acute malnutrition in Center/South rose from 3% to 11% for the same age bracket.
Almost the whole young child population was affected by a shift in their nutritional status towards malnutrition.
WFP indicates that according to estimates for July 1995, average shop prices of essential commodities stood at 850 times the July 1990 level.
Education
Before Sanctions
As described by UNICEF, the Government of Iraq made sizable investments in the education sector from the mid-1970s until 1990.
According to UNESCO, educational policy included provision for scholarships, research facilities and medical support for students. By 1989 the combined primary and secondary enrollment ratio stood at 75% (slightly above the average for all developing countries at 70%, according to the Human Development Report for 1991) Illiteracy had been reduced to 20% by 1987.
Education accounted for over 5% of the state budget in 1989, above the developing country average of 3.8% (cf. UNDP Human Development Reports).
After
School enrollment for all ages (6-23) has declined to 53%. In Central and Southern governorates, 83% of school buildings needed rehabilitation, with 8,613 out of 10,334 schools having suffered serious damages. Some schools with a planned capacity of 700 pupils actually have 4,500 enrolled in them. Substantive progress in reducing adult and female illiteracy has ceased and regressed to mid-1980 levels, according to UNICEF. The rising number of street children and children who work can be explained, in part, as a result of increasing rates of school drop-outs and repetition, as more families are forced to rely on children to secure household incomes. Figures provided by UNESCO indicate that drop-outs in elementary schools increased from 95,692 in 1990 to 131,658 in 1999.
Electrical Power
Before Sanctions
UNDP indicates that although power stations had been targeted by the Iranian air force during the Iran-Iraq war, in 199O there were 126 power station units capable of generating 8.903 mw.
After
The accelerating decline of the power sector has had acute consequences for the humanitarian situation. The total remaining installed capacity today is about 7.500 mw, but inadequate maintenance and poor operating conditions have reduced the power actually generated to about half that figure at 3.500 mw.
UNDP analysis points out that aging equipment and the continuing effects of war damage have caused deterioration at nearly every level. In spite of a general decline in economic activity, demand currently exceeds supply by at least 1.000 mw, particularly during the peak summer load. Power shortages have consequently worsened to up to 6 hours a day since July 1998.
The shortage of electricity has been particularly visible in some parts of the Northern region, where this failure has adversely affected the water supply and health services. Two hydropower stations at Dokan and Derbendikhan, which together have a 649 mw capacity, constitute the only source of power for the Northern governorates.