Guys: "culturing" isn't a technique for identifying the microorganism. That is just the name for helping the organism proliferate in a habitable environment. For example, when a wound specimen (or a sputum specimen, or a urine specimen, or...) is taken and sent to the lab, they "culture" it so that it can be grow. Sometimes, people refer to "culturing the organism" as a sort of umbrella term that includes this process and then the testing that follows as well. However, that isn't technically correct.
The testing begins after you have the culture. For bacteria, the lab will do a gram stain. All that is, is a staining of the culture. If the organism is stained, then it means it is "gram positive" which means that its cell membrane is very permeable and will be vulnerable to more antibiotics. If the stain doesn't stick, then the organism is called "gram negative" and it usually has a more resistant cell membrane, so not as many types of antibiotics will work on it. Also, some antibiotics work on only gram positive or only gram negative bacteria. Some work on both.
This is called sensitivity testing. That's when they try out different antibiotics on the culture or expose it to different environments to see what will effectively kill the organism.
As for identifying the actual species of microorganism, they still do that with a microscope. It happens that microbiologists are trained with the knowledge and reference material that helps them identify a microorganism by the way its structure and appearance and how it reacts to stains.