can you get an 'excitation' in this EM field that corresponds to a connection between 'massless' electric charge, and spin?
If you constrain electrons to a 2-d surface, their spin-1/2 states have one less dimension to interact in, their positions will spread over a surface in a strong applied magnetic field. You get the fractional quantum Hall effect.
FQHE anyons are examples of "topological charge"; they are effectively quanta of magnetic flux potential, like little vortices, of integral fractions of paired electrons. They behave like bosons too.
So what can the local topological charge experts say is wrong with this lot?
" We assume that the ground state is separated from the excited states by an energy gap (i.e, it is incompressible), as is the situation in fractional quantum Hall states in 2D electron systems. The lowest energy electrically-charged excitations are known as quasiparticles or quasiholes, depending on the sign of their electric charge. (The term “quasiparticle” is also sometimes used in a generic sense to mean both quasiparticle and quasihole as in the previous paragraph). These quasiparticles are local disturbances to the wavefunction of the electrons corresponding to a quantized amount of total charge.
..two particles cannot change their fusion channel simply by braiding with each other since their total topological charge can be measured along a far distant loop enclosing the two parti cles. They must braid with a third particle in order to change their fusion channel. Consequently, when two particles fuse in a particular channel (rather than a linear superposition of channels), the effect of taking one particle around the other
is just multiplication by a phase.
"
Photons (in lattices) can do the same kinds of things topology wise, nowadays. This is all connected to the gauge theories and something called Chern-Simons theory, which is fairly new.
Let's have ya.
If you constrain electrons to a 2-d surface, their spin-1/2 states have one less dimension to interact in, their positions will spread over a surface in a strong applied magnetic field. You get the fractional quantum Hall effect.
FQHE anyons are examples of "topological charge"; they are effectively quanta of magnetic flux potential, like little vortices, of integral fractions of paired electrons. They behave like bosons too.
So what can the local topological charge experts say is wrong with this lot?
" We assume that the ground state is separated from the excited states by an energy gap (i.e, it is incompressible), as is the situation in fractional quantum Hall states in 2D electron systems. The lowest energy electrically-charged excitations are known as quasiparticles or quasiholes, depending on the sign of their electric charge. (The term “quasiparticle” is also sometimes used in a generic sense to mean both quasiparticle and quasihole as in the previous paragraph). These quasiparticles are local disturbances to the wavefunction of the electrons corresponding to a quantized amount of total charge.
..two particles cannot change their fusion channel simply by braiding with each other since their total topological charge can be measured along a far distant loop enclosing the two parti cles. They must braid with a third particle in order to change their fusion channel. Consequently, when two particles fuse in a particular channel (rather than a linear superposition of channels), the effect of taking one particle around the other
is just multiplication by a phase.
"
Photons (in lattices) can do the same kinds of things topology wise, nowadays. This is all connected to the gauge theories and something called Chern-Simons theory, which is fairly new.
Let's have ya.
Last edited: