Flipping channels on a Saturday morning, avoiding silly cartoons and infomercials in search of something interesting or informative, I came across an interview that I didn't initially identify as an infomercial. I quickly figured out it was a paid advertisement, but the format of the show was very much like that of Charlie Rose or a PBS talk show.
The topic, however, was the first clue: natural cures suppressed by the government and food and drug industries. The person being "interviewed" was Kevin Trudeau, the author of Natural Cures They Don't Want You To Know About.
As I listened, I was astounded at what Trudeau was saying. Not that I believed him, but that he had the audacity to make the claims he did. In the first 5 minutes of the show, Trudeau had said that there existed cures for cancer, attention deficit disorder (ADD), herpes, diabetes and acid reflux and that the Food and Drug Administration along with the food and drug industries are suppressing this information. Of course, he didn't list specific cures by name, instead citing the risk of doing so is to evoke the wrath of the government, namely the FTC and FDA. Apparently, Trudeau feels that the laws that prohibit making claims of "cures" without scientific evidence to support the claims and having the drug approved is part of the conspiracy of the government entities and industry controls to suppress homeopathy.
The FDA is in cahoots with the drug industry
Trudeau stated in this pseudo-interview that the "FDA works with the drug industry to prevent alternative, natural remedies" from being marketed. Indeed, he argues that the definitions that the FDA has established are themselves designed to favor the drug industry.
Well being critical of the drug industry is probably a healthy stand and that the FDA isn't completely competent in both its enforcement and control of safety and expense associated with the drug industry is probably accurate.
But Trudeau argues that the FDA's definition of conditions such as acid reflux, obesity and ADD as diseases is erroneous and misleading. Trudeau also is critical of the FDA's definition of a "drug," since it limits the ability of homeopathic remedies to market their products.
A Brief History of Homeoapathy
Over two hundred years ago, German physician Samuel Hahnemann developed the hypothesis that like cures like and this is the basis of modern homeopathy. In a nutshell, the idea is that symptoms of conditions can be treated with natural substances that produce similar symptoms, but because many of these substances can be toxic, even lethal, Hahnemann used a principle of dilution that he declared "the law of infintesimals" to make the substances safe for consumption. 1.
Final dilutions in homeopathy can often produce results that have 1 part medicine to 10^29 parts of water. In a dilution like this, one would have to drink 7,874 gallons of water to consume just one molecule of medicine. Some homeopathic remedies are diluted to 10^400!
Trudeau doesn't mention this in his "interview," but maintains his criticism of the FDA. The definition of a drug, he says, is such that "only a drug can cure a disease," an inference that the definition is omitting the possibility that other substances, namely "natural remedies" can "cure a disease." The FDA defines a drug 2. as: "articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals." Clearly this isn't stating "only a drug can cure diseases," but rather that which is intended to cure a disease is a drug. If something is a drug, then it falls under the jurisdiction of the FDA and must be regulated as well as approved.
That really only leaves Trudeau with the criticism that natural remedies cannot get approval due to the bias against them by the FDA, the drug industry, and science in general. He doesn't consider that this bias is legitimate. Not even close.
Trudeau's wild and dangerous claims: the worst 10
During this infomercial / pseudo-interview, Trudeau says or argues the following. If it is in quotes, it is as near to his exact words I as I can recall. I took notes during the broadcast, but could only get some of the key points.
I expected that Trudeau would live up to my expectations of typical pseudoscience bull and present us all with "sworn testimonials" as to the effectiveness of the natural remedies. This is a characteristic of a bogus product that should make anyone immediately suspicious, since it’s the best way to establish a belief system: get a bunch of people to swear it's true or real.
But Trudeau surprised me with his "testimonial" segment! He basically listed two or three non-specific ailments and stated that they each were better after they tried a natural remedy. The only remedy he would mention specifically was to take a tablespoon of vinegar to counteract acid reflux. He begged away from being specific citing the risk of action from the FTC or FDA if he were to divulge the actual substance used.
Acid Reflux?
Amazingly enough, Trudeau's explanation of acid reflux was that it wasn't acid that is the problem, but the gas created by the foods that are eaten. Trudeau is highly critical of the established medical knowledge on the topic and makes clear implications that the medical establishment, undoubtedly in cahoots with the government and the drug companies, are deliberately misleading the public about acid reflux disease. Indeed, Trudeau claims it isn't a "disease" at all! Instead, Trudeau claims that acid reflux is caused by not enough acid in the stomach and that the gas emitted from food digested only partially because of this lack of acid is the cause of the symptoms. That's where the "tablespoon of vinegar" comes in: it adds acid to the stomach.
However, if we want to take a medical opinion (Trudeau is not educated in medicine), acid reflux, otherwise known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), affects up to 36% of otherwise healthy Americans in the form of heartburn. While the symptoms are typically treated with over the counter remedies such as Pepto-Bismol™, there can be some serious or severe problems: "Hoarseness, chronic cough, asthma, laryngitis, recurrent pneumonia and ENT infections, nocturnal choking, sleep apnea, loss of dental enamel, bad breath and globus sensation." It has even been implicated in connection to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. 3.
Medical authorities have a very different view of what causes acid reflux/GERD. Among them are relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), decreased LES resting tone, impaired esophageal clearance, delayed gastric emptying, decreased salivation, and impaired tissue resistance. Other indirect causes include lifestyle factors such as "smoking, large meals, fatty foods, caffeine, pregnancy, obesity, body position, drugs, and hormones." 4. Clearly, Trudeau is misinformed at the least. He offers no sources for his information and only the brief testimonial of his friend who drank a little vinegar to add some acid to his stomach. In all likelihood, the friend's consumption of vinegar acted to both reduce the pH of the reflux in the esophagus and rinse it back to the stomach since the pH of vinegar is 3 and the HCl of stomach acid is between 0 and 1.
Responding to Trudeau's other quack claims
1. He argues that acid reflux, ADD, and obesity (among others) are not diseases.
The CDC defines disease as a "sickness; illness; an interruption, or disturbance of the bodily functions or organs, which causes or threatens pain and weakness." The Midwest Institute for Biological Control calls it a "departure from the state of health or normality." One can only wonder what definition that Trudeau uses. Type "define:disease" in Google and a plethora of definitions arise from many reputable sources such as those I just mentioned. None of them would exclude conditions such as acid reflux, ADD and even obesity.
2. The drug industry is the "most profitable industry in the country.
No argument there. This is probably the one true thing Trudeau said throughout the entire commercial. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation and Sonderegger Research Center, the pharmaceutical industry has outdone every other from 1995 until 2002, when it began to slip. In 2003, mining and crude oil production outpaced it. 5.
3. - 6. He stated that there are natural remedies that will cure: migraine headaches, arthritis, diabetes (I & II), and even cancer.
The only legitimate answer one can give this type of quackery is, "whatever." Trudeau is lying. Period. If he can demonstrate that these cures exist in rigorous, clinical tests, I'll print this essay and eat each page. If such cures existed, scientists and researchers would not sit on them. They would share them with the world. And, in answer to the argument that scientists are people and just as susceptible to greed and jealousy as the next man, I submit to you that if this is so, then the first one to write the paper and attach his or her name to the discovery will be immortalized and, perhaps, rich. The drug companies and the government could neither suppress the altruistic scientist nor the greedy one.
7. He stated that "if your body's pH is alkaline you cannot get cancer," and that the "body pH" of all cancer patients was acidic.
It is true that cancer cells cannot survive in an alkaline environment. But what Trudeau either is ignorant about or omits from his claim is that no cell in the body can survive in an alkaline state. The functions of enzymes in the body are to begin chemical reactions. Enzymes only function in a narrow range of acidic pH. If the pH balance of one's blood is affected to increase or decrease, then the body acts quickly to correct this to prevent sickness or death. Trudeau's claim of eating certain foods to increase alkalinity is bunk. All foods that go into the stomach will become acidic, after all, HCl is produced there. From the stomach, they go to the intestines and are neutralized by secretions from the pancreas. At that point, the food is alkaline. 6.
8. Food manufacturers intentionally "put ingredients in food into make you fat [...] because fat people eat more."
While that is a possibility, I wouldn't put much credibility in it. I think it’s a safer bet to believe that the food manufacturers manufacture and package foods in ways that consumers have indicated they want it. The driving principle in the last two decades has been "quick," "easy," "fast," and "fun." Microwave meals have far surpassed the "TV diners" of the 1970's in both content and speed of preparation; McDonalds has streamlined and set the standards for drive-thru method and the "Happy Meal" dominates the market in fast-food sales to kids. But this is what the consumer wants. If it wasn't, McDonalds would offer an alternative, like healthy meals with bottled water and fruit instead of cola and hot, apple pie. In fact, they are doing this due to recent public acknowledgement of the fast-food culture as being a bad habit. Trudeau would be more believable if he would simply name the "ingredient(s)" and which food companies were adding it. He also says that the United States is not able to export food, yet we had $62.3 billion in farm exports for 2004 and only $52.7 billion in agricultural imports. 7. Again, Trudeau appears misinformed.
9. St. John's Wort study had a flawed methodology because each of the other drugs tested likewise resulted in being largely ineffective to treat depression.
Trudeau is quick to point out that the study was flawed because the sertraline, which was the comparator drug didn't outperform the placebo. But neither did the St. John's Wort. He'll tell us the "study was flawed," but won't tell us how. The fact is that there needs to be more study done in order to fully evaluate whether St. John's Wort has any real effectiveness in treated depression. What is known, however, is that it has some potentially serious side effects for pregnant or breast-feeding women as well as when used in conjunction with other drugs, such as AIDS remedies such as indinavir.
10. He stated that there was a cure for multiple sclerosis, which was caused by a "food additive" that gave the symptoms of MS.
I really have to quote Stephen Barrett, M.D. in regards to this claim:
Listed by Quackwatch as a "cure" to avoid when treating MS is "coral calcium." Interestingly enough, it just happens to be a product that Trudeau was fined $2 million by the FTC for making false and misleading claims about. Trudeau and his accomplice, Robert Barefoot, made an infomercial from the same ad agency as the Natural Cures book, only Trudeau played the part of reporter interviewing Barefoot. The interviewer for the Natural Cures show was Pat Matthews.
Kevin Trudeau is a fraud. A scam artist. A con man of the worst kind. He seeks to make money off of schemes that take advantage of those that are in need of true medical assistance and those that are hopeful that they'll be able to stay healthy. But if Kevin Trudeau truly believes the bunk and baloney he writes and says, then he is merely pathetic.
References
1. Park, Robert (2000). Voodoo Science. Oxford University Press: Oxford. pp. 52-58.
2. FDA (2002) Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 21, Section 201(g)(B)
3. Minocha, Anil (2001). How To Stop Heartburn: Simple Ways to Heal Heartburn and Acid Reflux. John Wiley & Sons: New York.
4. Fennerty MB, Sampliner RE.(1993) Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hospital Medicine. 29(4):28-40.
5. Kaiser Family Foundation (2004). Trends and Indicators in the Changing Health Care Marketplace, 2004 Update, found at http://www.kff.org/insurance/7031/ti2004-1-21.cfm
6. Mirkin, Gabe (2003). Acid/Alkaline Theory of Disease Is Nonsense. Quackwatch.org. Found at: http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/DSH/coral2.html
8. Witte, Griff and Henderson, Nell (2004) U.S. Food Imports Increase, May Match Exports This Year. The Washington Post. Thursday, November 25, 2004; Page E01
9. Barrett, Stephen (2003). Be Wary of Multiple Sclerosis "Cures." Quackwatch.org. Found at: http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ms.html
The topic, however, was the first clue: natural cures suppressed by the government and food and drug industries. The person being "interviewed" was Kevin Trudeau, the author of Natural Cures They Don't Want You To Know About.
As I listened, I was astounded at what Trudeau was saying. Not that I believed him, but that he had the audacity to make the claims he did. In the first 5 minutes of the show, Trudeau had said that there existed cures for cancer, attention deficit disorder (ADD), herpes, diabetes and acid reflux and that the Food and Drug Administration along with the food and drug industries are suppressing this information. Of course, he didn't list specific cures by name, instead citing the risk of doing so is to evoke the wrath of the government, namely the FTC and FDA. Apparently, Trudeau feels that the laws that prohibit making claims of "cures" without scientific evidence to support the claims and having the drug approved is part of the conspiracy of the government entities and industry controls to suppress homeopathy.
The FDA is in cahoots with the drug industry
Trudeau stated in this pseudo-interview that the "FDA works with the drug industry to prevent alternative, natural remedies" from being marketed. Indeed, he argues that the definitions that the FDA has established are themselves designed to favor the drug industry.
Well being critical of the drug industry is probably a healthy stand and that the FDA isn't completely competent in both its enforcement and control of safety and expense associated with the drug industry is probably accurate.
But Trudeau argues that the FDA's definition of conditions such as acid reflux, obesity and ADD as diseases is erroneous and misleading. Trudeau also is critical of the FDA's definition of a "drug," since it limits the ability of homeopathic remedies to market their products.
A Brief History of Homeoapathy
Over two hundred years ago, German physician Samuel Hahnemann developed the hypothesis that like cures like and this is the basis of modern homeopathy. In a nutshell, the idea is that symptoms of conditions can be treated with natural substances that produce similar symptoms, but because many of these substances can be toxic, even lethal, Hahnemann used a principle of dilution that he declared "the law of infintesimals" to make the substances safe for consumption. 1.
Final dilutions in homeopathy can often produce results that have 1 part medicine to 10^29 parts of water. In a dilution like this, one would have to drink 7,874 gallons of water to consume just one molecule of medicine. Some homeopathic remedies are diluted to 10^400!
Trudeau doesn't mention this in his "interview," but maintains his criticism of the FDA. The definition of a drug, he says, is such that "only a drug can cure a disease," an inference that the definition is omitting the possibility that other substances, namely "natural remedies" can "cure a disease." The FDA defines a drug 2. as: "articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals." Clearly this isn't stating "only a drug can cure diseases," but rather that which is intended to cure a disease is a drug. If something is a drug, then it falls under the jurisdiction of the FDA and must be regulated as well as approved.
That really only leaves Trudeau with the criticism that natural remedies cannot get approval due to the bias against them by the FDA, the drug industry, and science in general. He doesn't consider that this bias is legitimate. Not even close.
Trudeau's wild and dangerous claims: the worst 10
During this infomercial / pseudo-interview, Trudeau says or argues the following. If it is in quotes, it is as near to his exact words I as I can recall. I took notes during the broadcast, but could only get some of the key points.
1. He argues that acid reflux, ADD, and obesity (among others) are not diseases.
2. He states that the drug industry is the "most profitable industry in the country."
3. He stated that there exists a natural remedy which can "cure a migraine headache forever."
4. He stated that there exists a natural remedy which can "cure arthritis forever."
5. He stated that a cure exists for cancer
6. He stated that a cure exists for types I and II diabetes.
7. He stated that "if your body's pH is alkaline you cannot get cancer," and that the "body pH" of all cancer patients was acidic.
8. He stated that the food manufacturers intentionally "put ingredients in food into make you fat [...] because fat people eat more."
9. He stated that a recent study that concluded St. John's Wort to be ineffective was based on flawed methodology because each of the other drugs tested likewise resulted in being largely ineffective to treat depression.
10. He stated that there was a cure for multiple sclerosis, which was caused by a "food additive" that gave the symptoms of MS.
2. He states that the drug industry is the "most profitable industry in the country."
3. He stated that there exists a natural remedy which can "cure a migraine headache forever."
4. He stated that there exists a natural remedy which can "cure arthritis forever."
5. He stated that a cure exists for cancer
6. He stated that a cure exists for types I and II diabetes.
7. He stated that "if your body's pH is alkaline you cannot get cancer," and that the "body pH" of all cancer patients was acidic.
8. He stated that the food manufacturers intentionally "put ingredients in food into make you fat [...] because fat people eat more."
9. He stated that a recent study that concluded St. John's Wort to be ineffective was based on flawed methodology because each of the other drugs tested likewise resulted in being largely ineffective to treat depression.
10. He stated that there was a cure for multiple sclerosis, which was caused by a "food additive" that gave the symptoms of MS.
I expected that Trudeau would live up to my expectations of typical pseudoscience bull and present us all with "sworn testimonials" as to the effectiveness of the natural remedies. This is a characteristic of a bogus product that should make anyone immediately suspicious, since it’s the best way to establish a belief system: get a bunch of people to swear it's true or real.
But Trudeau surprised me with his "testimonial" segment! He basically listed two or three non-specific ailments and stated that they each were better after they tried a natural remedy. The only remedy he would mention specifically was to take a tablespoon of vinegar to counteract acid reflux. He begged away from being specific citing the risk of action from the FTC or FDA if he were to divulge the actual substance used.
Acid Reflux?
Amazingly enough, Trudeau's explanation of acid reflux was that it wasn't acid that is the problem, but the gas created by the foods that are eaten. Trudeau is highly critical of the established medical knowledge on the topic and makes clear implications that the medical establishment, undoubtedly in cahoots with the government and the drug companies, are deliberately misleading the public about acid reflux disease. Indeed, Trudeau claims it isn't a "disease" at all! Instead, Trudeau claims that acid reflux is caused by not enough acid in the stomach and that the gas emitted from food digested only partially because of this lack of acid is the cause of the symptoms. That's where the "tablespoon of vinegar" comes in: it adds acid to the stomach.
However, if we want to take a medical opinion (Trudeau is not educated in medicine), acid reflux, otherwise known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), affects up to 36% of otherwise healthy Americans in the form of heartburn. While the symptoms are typically treated with over the counter remedies such as Pepto-Bismol™, there can be some serious or severe problems: "Hoarseness, chronic cough, asthma, laryngitis, recurrent pneumonia and ENT infections, nocturnal choking, sleep apnea, loss of dental enamel, bad breath and globus sensation." It has even been implicated in connection to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. 3.
Medical authorities have a very different view of what causes acid reflux/GERD. Among them are relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), decreased LES resting tone, impaired esophageal clearance, delayed gastric emptying, decreased salivation, and impaired tissue resistance. Other indirect causes include lifestyle factors such as "smoking, large meals, fatty foods, caffeine, pregnancy, obesity, body position, drugs, and hormones." 4. Clearly, Trudeau is misinformed at the least. He offers no sources for his information and only the brief testimonial of his friend who drank a little vinegar to add some acid to his stomach. In all likelihood, the friend's consumption of vinegar acted to both reduce the pH of the reflux in the esophagus and rinse it back to the stomach since the pH of vinegar is 3 and the HCl of stomach acid is between 0 and 1.
Responding to Trudeau's other quack claims
1. He argues that acid reflux, ADD, and obesity (among others) are not diseases.
The CDC defines disease as a "sickness; illness; an interruption, or disturbance of the bodily functions or organs, which causes or threatens pain and weakness." The Midwest Institute for Biological Control calls it a "departure from the state of health or normality." One can only wonder what definition that Trudeau uses. Type "define:disease" in Google and a plethora of definitions arise from many reputable sources such as those I just mentioned. None of them would exclude conditions such as acid reflux, ADD and even obesity.
2. The drug industry is the "most profitable industry in the country.
No argument there. This is probably the one true thing Trudeau said throughout the entire commercial. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation and Sonderegger Research Center, the pharmaceutical industry has outdone every other from 1995 until 2002, when it began to slip. In 2003, mining and crude oil production outpaced it. 5.
3. - 6. He stated that there are natural remedies that will cure: migraine headaches, arthritis, diabetes (I & II), and even cancer.
The only legitimate answer one can give this type of quackery is, "whatever." Trudeau is lying. Period. If he can demonstrate that these cures exist in rigorous, clinical tests, I'll print this essay and eat each page. If such cures existed, scientists and researchers would not sit on them. They would share them with the world. And, in answer to the argument that scientists are people and just as susceptible to greed and jealousy as the next man, I submit to you that if this is so, then the first one to write the paper and attach his or her name to the discovery will be immortalized and, perhaps, rich. The drug companies and the government could neither suppress the altruistic scientist nor the greedy one.
7. He stated that "if your body's pH is alkaline you cannot get cancer," and that the "body pH" of all cancer patients was acidic.
It is true that cancer cells cannot survive in an alkaline environment. But what Trudeau either is ignorant about or omits from his claim is that no cell in the body can survive in an alkaline state. The functions of enzymes in the body are to begin chemical reactions. Enzymes only function in a narrow range of acidic pH. If the pH balance of one's blood is affected to increase or decrease, then the body acts quickly to correct this to prevent sickness or death. Trudeau's claim of eating certain foods to increase alkalinity is bunk. All foods that go into the stomach will become acidic, after all, HCl is produced there. From the stomach, they go to the intestines and are neutralized by secretions from the pancreas. At that point, the food is alkaline. 6.
8. Food manufacturers intentionally "put ingredients in food into make you fat [...] because fat people eat more."
While that is a possibility, I wouldn't put much credibility in it. I think it’s a safer bet to believe that the food manufacturers manufacture and package foods in ways that consumers have indicated they want it. The driving principle in the last two decades has been "quick," "easy," "fast," and "fun." Microwave meals have far surpassed the "TV diners" of the 1970's in both content and speed of preparation; McDonalds has streamlined and set the standards for drive-thru method and the "Happy Meal" dominates the market in fast-food sales to kids. But this is what the consumer wants. If it wasn't, McDonalds would offer an alternative, like healthy meals with bottled water and fruit instead of cola and hot, apple pie. In fact, they are doing this due to recent public acknowledgement of the fast-food culture as being a bad habit. Trudeau would be more believable if he would simply name the "ingredient(s)" and which food companies were adding it. He also says that the United States is not able to export food, yet we had $62.3 billion in farm exports for 2004 and only $52.7 billion in agricultural imports. 7. Again, Trudeau appears misinformed.
9. St. John's Wort study had a flawed methodology because each of the other drugs tested likewise resulted in being largely ineffective to treat depression.
Trudeau is quick to point out that the study was flawed because the sertraline, which was the comparator drug didn't outperform the placebo. But neither did the St. John's Wort. He'll tell us the "study was flawed," but won't tell us how. The fact is that there needs to be more study done in order to fully evaluate whether St. John's Wort has any real effectiveness in treated depression. What is known, however, is that it has some potentially serious side effects for pregnant or breast-feeding women as well as when used in conjunction with other drugs, such as AIDS remedies such as indinavir.
10. He stated that there was a cure for multiple sclerosis, which was caused by a "food additive" that gave the symptoms of MS.
I really have to quote Stephen Barrett, M.D. in regards to this claim:
Dr. Barrett said:
Listed by Quackwatch as a "cure" to avoid when treating MS is "coral calcium." Interestingly enough, it just happens to be a product that Trudeau was fined $2 million by the FTC for making false and misleading claims about. Trudeau and his accomplice, Robert Barefoot, made an infomercial from the same ad agency as the Natural Cures book, only Trudeau played the part of reporter interviewing Barefoot. The interviewer for the Natural Cures show was Pat Matthews.
Kevin Trudeau is a fraud. A scam artist. A con man of the worst kind. He seeks to make money off of schemes that take advantage of those that are in need of true medical assistance and those that are hopeful that they'll be able to stay healthy. But if Kevin Trudeau truly believes the bunk and baloney he writes and says, then he is merely pathetic.
References
1. Park, Robert (2000). Voodoo Science. Oxford University Press: Oxford. pp. 52-58.
2. FDA (2002) Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 21, Section 201(g)(B)
3. Minocha, Anil (2001). How To Stop Heartburn: Simple Ways to Heal Heartburn and Acid Reflux. John Wiley & Sons: New York.
4. Fennerty MB, Sampliner RE.(1993) Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hospital Medicine. 29(4):28-40.
5. Kaiser Family Foundation (2004). Trends and Indicators in the Changing Health Care Marketplace, 2004 Update, found at http://www.kff.org/insurance/7031/ti2004-1-21.cfm
6. Mirkin, Gabe (2003). Acid/Alkaline Theory of Disease Is Nonsense. Quackwatch.org. Found at: http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/DSH/coral2.html
8. Witte, Griff and Henderson, Nell (2004) U.S. Food Imports Increase, May Match Exports This Year. The Washington Post. Thursday, November 25, 2004; Page E01
9. Barrett, Stephen (2003). Be Wary of Multiple Sclerosis "Cures." Quackwatch.org. Found at: http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ms.html
