If one assumed that consciousness or the soul was separate from the brain's hardware (spiritual) then you really would not have to be too fussy about the transplant. In this case, it would be like changing a bicycle (hardware). It might be a little awkward at first, but consciousness would adapt and eventually drive the bike fine. Although difference in the bikes, like going from a light weight frame to a heavy frame, will put a limit on the ease of doing certain things. But the base style of driving (who we are) will be the same and recognizable as you.
On the other hand, if consciousness is intimately connected to the hardware, then you would need to be more exact. One can have two twins from the same split egg, but they will not be mental clones even if close to biological clones Each has a unique POV from which they view the world and gather a lifetime of data which is ingrained in the details of the same genetic brain hardware. If the transfer is not too good, you could end up with a different person that may be viable but not who you expect.
What allows consciousness is connected to way neurons are designed. When neurons are at rest, they exist at their highest potential. The firing of neurons lowers this potential. After firing the neuron will expend a lot of energy pumping and exchanging sodium and potassium cations until the rest potential is restored. The segregation of the cations increase energy and lowers the entropy. The rest neuron contains the potential to lower energy and to increase it entropy. The former is useful for action, while the latter is useful for organic change; adaptation.
This is different from computer memory in that computer memory at rest is at lowest potential. This is needed for stability so the memory does not change and will store a long time. Living memory, on the other hand, by being at highest potential is designed to be accident waiting to happen. As one analogy, neurons are more like blowing up a balloon until it pops; fires. This lower the energy and will increase entropy into unique fragments that fly.
Neurotransmitters are used to make the fabric of the balloon analogy stronger or weaker so certain balloons can pop easier or with greater difficulty. This allows certain memory to appear under certain situations; only the red balloons pop while the blue ones remain firm. Brain waves reflect a constant firing or popping of a wide range of neurons, with an energy flow going from higher to lower potential causing entropy increase. Consciousness appears within this flux, with memory helping to define the flow.
As another analogy we (consciousness) a like a fountain of water that is pumped to a height only to fall back again. This potential or pumping needs to lower energy and does so as a cascade that falls downward to the bottom of the fountain. Our memory defines the structure of the fountain which directs the water as it falls to lower potential. Conscious is like the dynamics within water connected yet separate from the hardware. This flux of water appears the same, yet it is always slightly different second to second. It can impact the hardware to make changes via entropic potential.