I would say that we can perceive the existence of a external reality without perceiving reality itself (which could be inaccessible by our perceptions).
But here Planck seems to say that this direct perception of an external reality is an act of faith like in religion the perception of the existence of god is an act of faith.
it is maybe more clear when he says:
"you could not be a scientist if you did not know that the external world existed in reality"
he want to say that science belief in the existence of a external reality is like religious belief in an external god.
iceaura you bring a good question here about externality.
I would say that here he means external to our perceptions.
That still feels strange.
Maybe he wanted to say external as behind our perceptions
this makes more sense for me.
and thus his text could be restated this way:
"The cornerstone of science’s own structure [is] the direct perception by consciousness of the existence of a reality behind our perceptions."
"You could not be a scientist if you did not know that there was a reality behind our perceptions."
I agree that "the direct perception of the existence of something" is a little bit strange
but according to what is say afterward about faith It could be restated this way:
"The cornerstone of science’s own structure [is] the belief in the existence of a reality behind our perceptions."
"You could not be a scientist if you did not believes that there was a reality behind our perceptions."
Maybe I completely modify what Planck was trying to say but the problem is to know we have to ask Planck himself, unfortunately this is impossible,
so let's take this interpretation and ask whether it makes sense.
If you think that there is another interpretation that makes sense, please share it.