And that was the seed of the civil war, which was clearly fought over slavery. I concede that this clause does seem to force Northern states to return fugitive slaves, but the very fact that there were so many fugitive slaves means that slavery was an abomination to human rights. We would have gone to war over it sooner, but we were still recovering from the Revolutionary war.
There was absolutely no reason to go to war.
All the states saw the writing on the wall.
Congress had been working for some time on a way to exit from slavery.
The South wanted the US government to compensate the Slave owners for releasing the slaves and if the slaves were going to be freed, they wanted something for the slaves to have to start a new life. ie. they needed a place to go when they were replaced by tractors and cotton gins.
The US Gov though, mainly because of the Northern states didn't want to both pay for the release and for the grub stake ("Forty acres and a mule" was one of the proposals to be given to each adult male freed) .
Indeed, after the Emancipation Proclimation, when General Sherman’s army cut its swath of destruction across Georgia, they were followed by many thousands of former slaves. This was a huge problem to Sherman and forced the question of what did it mean to be emancipated?
Sherman issued field orders establishing forty acre homesteads for the newly freed slaves and provided army mules so they could till the land. Sherman’s order, however was temporary “until Congress shall regulate their title.”
Which Congress never did, and thus the land was taken back by the same army that had given it to them.
Four million newly-freed people in the South could now go where they wished, but they had no land and no shelter. Echoing their feelings, Frederick Douglass said these freedmen were sent away empty handed, without money, without friends, and without a foot of land to stand upon.
http://www.landandfreedom.org/ushistory/us15.htm
To me it echos the words Kris Kristoferson would write a hundred years later.
"Freedoms just another word for nothing left to lose, and Nothing is the only thing that Bobby (or Lincoln) left me"
Arthur