The above can be understood by considering some simple trait like eye color and assuming that lactose tolerance is an inheritable trait due to a specific pair of genes rather than due to more complex interactions among more than one pair of genes.
It is known that genes for darker eyes are dominant over genes for lighter colored eyes. Id est: Black/brown are dominant over other colors, with albino pink being low gene on the totem pole.
If a brown/black eyed spouse mates with a blue-eyed spouse, you would expect the offspring to have brown/black eyes unless some ancestor of the brown black eyed spouse had blue or albino eyes.
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