The Indians are a terrible example of a society, I mean if you want to use India for an example, their caste system makes American racism and slavery look like a gift to Africans. In India, it's worse than slavery, people are born into permanent castes called untouchables, and no matter what they ever do, or their children every do, or their childrens children ever do, they are locked into that caste.
The caste system has not always existed in its present form. The structure of the caste system was based on work (Brahmins-scholars, Kshatriyas-warriors, Vaishnavs-tradespeople Shudras-unskilled) and only later on developed into the discriminatory system which we see today, largely due to the exploitation of the poor by the Brahmins. It was not a rigid, irreversible process as is commonly portrayed, nor were the Shudras completely exempt from society as indicated by Western Indologists.
The British hardly improved matters by selectively appeasing the rich and treating the poor as unpaid slaves. They were also the ones who lumped all the Indian religions as Hinduism and deepened class and caste differences just as they deepened the Hindu Muslim divide. Same thing they did in Sri Lanka with the Tamils and Sinhalese by forcing people to choose sides. Same thing they did in the Middle East by drawing arbitrary lines to form countries and enabling the formation of Israel. 200 years of indoctrination in India left a lot of scars. But I believe that as a a society we are going back to our Indian roots and casting off the effects of colonialism very fast.
During the colonial period, it served the interests of the British (and their European cohorts) to exaggerate the democratic character of their own societies while diminishing any socially redeeming features of society in India (and other colonized nations). Social divisions and inequities were a convenient tool in the arsenal of the colonizers. On the one hand, tremendous tactical gains could be achieved by playing off one community against the other. On the other hand, there were also enormous psychological benefits in creating the impression that India was a land rife with uniquely abhorrent social practices that only an enlightened foreigner could attempt to reform. India's social ills were discussed with a contemptuous cynicism and often with a willful intent to instill a sense of deep shame and inferiority.
Strong elements of such colonial imagery continue to dominate the landscape of Western Indology. A liberal, dynamic West embracing universal human values is posed against an obdurate and unchanging East clinging to odious social values and customs.
In India, caste and gender discrimination appear to become more pronounced with the advent of hereditary and authoritarian ruling dynasties, a powerful state bureaucracy, the growth of selective property rights, and the domination of Brahmins over the rural poor in agrahara villages. But this process was neither linear nor always irreversible. As old ruling dynasties were overthrown, previously existing caste equations and caste hierarchies were also challenged and modified.
In many parts of India this process may have taken several centuries to crystallize and caste rigidity may be a much more recent phenomenon than has been commonly portrayed. The impression that caste divisions were always strictly enforced, or that there were no challenges to caste rigidity does not seem to square with a dispassionate examination of the Indian historical record.
Social stratification was present in almost all traditional societies to different extent. The reality is hardly as black or white as is generally believed by people in the West. Oterwise India would not be representative of the largest democracy in the world today, representing all major religions.
Last edited: