Color perception is not only about range, from infrared to ultraviolet, but also about sensitivity to the subtlty of colors and colors within colors.
For example, if you compared lemon yellow to sunset yellow, the first is a yellow with a tiny amount of green added, while the second is yellow with a tiny amount of red added. If we increased color sensitivity even more, we may compare sunset yellow to tequilla sunrise yellow. Both use yellow and red, but in different proportions.
Finally, the most demanding test has to do with color formulating and matching, where you can not only tell what colors are in the blend, their relative proportions, but also guess the correct amounts. When this guess is blended together as an experiment, the tangible resuult will verify your sensitivity to color or its bias.
With audio, we might begin by first testing the range of audio frequencies from subwoofer to super tweater (10-20,000hz.). If you have access to the entire range, you might be asked to pick out specific frequencies from a blend, such as the baseline from a rock and roll song, which has many instruments sounds also playing. The last test is more for the trained musician, who can not only pick out the baseline, but also tell you the chords and notes. He demonstrates this on his bass guitar. If the final result sounds exactly right he is a sound expert.
The light or sound frequency range test is about natural hardware. The other more subtle tests benefit from practice and knowledge of distinctive sounds and colors when they are blended; mind software.