Cosmic Ancestry
>>> As for God gametes: it a nice theory but I still see random chances a quite possible. Also putting it in the psuedoscience sub-forum is not a good move.<<<
Thanks WellCookedFetus. I did not want to put it in the pseudoscience section but I am new to the forum and on my arrival there was a big thing going on about “alternative theories” moving in on the genuine science sections. Not that it is always easy to know what is “pseudoscience” and what is “the real thing” but I am certainly a sceptic when it comes to crop circles, alien abductions and the like.
Chapter 10 of God Gametes borrows heavily from information provided by Brig Klyce at
www.panspermia.org Brig Klyce is a supporter of Cosmic Ancestry. This concept claims that life was seeded from space and adherents of this theory include Chandra Wickramasinghe and the late Sir Fred Hoyle. Cosmic Ancestry is purely scientific and does not believe in a life force as does God Gametes. But both Cosmic Ancestry and God Gametes argue that genes for building body parts must have been present first. In other words the evolutionary process followed the introduction of the genes. Cosmic Ancestry arguing that the genes for life (and evolving greater complexity) floated down from space, God Gametes suggesting they were sent by signal from a parent species on the next higher level of a multiverse. Evidence that the genes were here first (and did not evolve in conjunction with the body parts they control) is presented below.
From Chapter 10 of God Gametes which can be downloaded free from
www.e-publishingaustralia.com
Genes from Nowhere
Scientists have discovered genes for histones in archaebacteria and metazoan genes that are twice as old as metazoa. Neither can be explained by the Darwinian paradigm but both findings are consistent with Cosmic Ancestry and God Gametes theories.
The complete genome of archaebacterium Methanococcus jannaschii was published in 1996.9 Archaebacterium Methanococcus jannaschii is capable of surviving in extremely harsh environments and can metabolise things like rocks and is thought to be a likely candidate for the first living organism on earth. It contained five genes for histones, which are proteins not used by eubacteria or archaebacteria and are used in the formation of the complex chromosomal structure of eukaryotic cells.
Darwinism cannot explain the presence of genes for histones in archaebacterium Methanococcus jannaschii. The process of natural selection will not make or retain for hundreds of millions of years a gene it does not use. It is also noteworthy that two genes for histones are not part of the main chromosome but are located on a smaller ‘extra chromosomal element.’ This is important because genes transferred from one cell to another tend to be located on extra chromosomal elements before the process of transduction. It appears that archaebacterium M. jannaschii is preparing two of these genes for export to eukaryotic cells where they can be used.
In October 1996 Gregory Wray reported finding seven metazoan genes about twice as old as their appearance in the fossil record.10 Metazoa are multi-celled animals that developed rapidly from the beginning of the Cambrian period 570 million years ago. But more primitive metazoa without skeletons or protective shells first appeared at the outset of the Ediacaran period 700 to 670 million years ago.11 It is obviously difficult for the Darwinian theory of evolution to explain how the process of natural selection might have produced metazoan genes hundreds of millions of years before the appearance of metazoa. If natural selection is driving the evolution of species, a basic requirement is the presence of the species it is evolving. The principle of survival of the fittest cannot evolve a gene for an organism that does not exist. If metazoan genes existed before the appearance of metazoa, the genetic formula for them could not have been developed by natural selection.
The discovery of genes for histones in archaebacteria and metazoan genes twice as old as metazoa is overwhelming evidence that the genetic formula comes first and the evolution of species follows. To have the genetic formula of an organism appear first is consistent with both Cosmic Ancestry and the God Gametes theory. If genes for life came from space or were part of the parent species’ EGP (external gene pool), we would expect the evolution of species to follow the introduction of their genes.
Coordinating Genes
Coordinating genes are master genes that map out the bodies architecture during embryonic development. They determine how body segments develop and the formation of organs that grow inside these segments. For example they tell an insect embryo where to grow wings and a fish where to develop gills. In 1995 Edward B. Lewis, Eric F. Wieschhaus and Christiane Nusslein-Volhard won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for identifying a family of coordinating genes arranged along the chromosome in the same order as the body segments they controlled. These genes were later to become known as homeotic selector genes.
If organisms evolve by natural selection the genetic programmes for embryological development would have to relate closely to the body parts they control. For example we would not expect to find in a species a genetic programme for developing one type of body part if these creatures did not have this part. If natural selection were the driving force of evolution we would expect all genes for making body parts and the organs they make, to evolve together. But recent discoveries have shown that the same master control gene for coordinating embryological development of the eye works in both wasps and mice.12
The same master control gene in mammals and insects, groups that have evolved separately for 500 million years, demonstrates that coordinating genes for eye development must have been present before the evolution of the eye. Further research in this area revealed that a gene coordinating the development of eyes is common to mice, squid and fruitfly.13 Similarities in homeotic genes have been found between drosophila and the toad xenopus laevis.14 Researchers at the John Innes Centre for Plant Research in Norwich, England and Caltech have also found similarities in homeotic genes between the fruit-fly and a plant.15
It is difficult for Darwinists to explain the appearance of coordinating genes before a species has developed the body parts they coordinate. But it is argued by Cosmic Ancestry and God Gametes that genes for making complex body parts need to be present first. Only when a species has acquired genes for making a body part can the organ evolve.
The Darwinian argument is that life evolved in a closed system by way of natural selection. Cosmic Ancestry and God Gametes believe life on earth did not evolve in a closed system and that it was impossible for natural selection to have produced genetic formulae for complex living organisms. A useful analogy we can use here to help us better understand what is being argued by Darwinists and the countering theory put by Cosmic Ancestry and God Gametes, looks at an evolutionary process in both closed and open systems and what the ‘formula coming first’ tells us about both.
Let us say that the motorcar first evolved mostly in Europe and North America and that this developmental process was a closed system. The first motor vehicles had to be developed from the bottom up because technology did not exist. Blueprints for manufacturing them had to follow the evolutionary process.
On the other hand we could say that later development of the motor vehicle industry in Japan was an open system because blueprints for manufacturing motorcars in Japan did not have to follow the evolutionary process.
If life on earth started in a closed system, genes for making body parts would have to evolve in conjunction with the development of the species they coordinate. But if living creatures on this planet evolved in an open system we would expect that genes for embryonic development would be available before the evolution of the body parts they control. The same as blueprints were already available for making cars in the rapid evolution of Japan’s motor vehicle industry.
The discovery that coordinating genes for embryonic development were present before the body parts they control, totally discredits the Darwinian argument that life on earth evolved in a closed system and that formulae for life were found by the process of natural selection.
9. * Bult, Carol J. et al. (39 others) “Complete Genome Sequence of the Methanogenic Archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii” p 1058-1073 v 273 Science. August 23, 1996.
10. * Gregory; Jeffrey S. Levinton and Leo H. Shapiro. “Molecular Evidence for Deep Precambrian Divergences Among Metazoan Phyla” p 568 v 274 Science. 25 October 1996.
11. Encyclopadia Britannica 2001, Deluxe edition on CD ROM - Precambrian times
12. * Halder, Georg; Patrick Callaerts and Walter J. Gehring. “Induction of Ectopic Eyes by Targeted Expression of the eyeless Gene in Drosophila” p 1788-1792 v 267 Science. 24 March 1995.
13. * Holden, Constance. “On the Path of the Primordial Eye” p 1885 v 275 Science. 28 March 1997.
14. * Brown, T.A. Genetics: A Molecular Approach, 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall 1992. p 171.
15. * Goodrich, Justin; Preeya Puangsomlee; Marta Martin; Deborah Long; Elliot M. Meyerowitz and George Coupland. “A Polycomb-group gene regulates homeotic gene expression in Arabidosis” p 44-51 v 386 Nature. 6 March 1997.